Go back to Antique Computer home pageDocuments, Links & Videos
Table of Contents
- External Lists of On-Line Documents
- Physical Computer Museums
- Documents about Museums & Curators
- Virtual Computer Museums
- General Computer Sites
- Architecture, Computers in General
- Computers available in era
- Specific Technology & Memory
- Manufacturer Specific Sites
- Machine Specific Sites
- Machine Specific Documents
and Bitsavers now has many more :-))
- The Computer Museum (Boston)
- exhibits, videos, tour, reports, etc- Sites about Computer Software
- Software
- Analog Computers and some hybrid
- Mechanical Computers
- "Interesting" Computer People
- Biographic Documents
- Groups interested in old computers (general)
- Sources of old computer goods and services
- Miscellaneous Links
- just for fun ;-))
External Lists of On-Line Documents
- a *HUGE* collection of downloadable computer documents by Al Kossow.
- GBell's CyberMuseum for Digital Equipment Corp (DEC): Documents, Photo Albums, Talks, and Videotapes about Computing History
- Scans of Dartmouth Time Sharing Hardware and software
- Computer History Museum Document Archive Index
Physical Computer Museums
Documents about Museums & Curators
- Out of a Closet: The Early Years of The Computer * Museum - by Gordon Bell - a history of one of the world's premier computer museums. 5 May 2011 (1.1 MB)
- 1981 Digital Computer Museum Catalog
- Welcome HPCC/CAS 2000 Attendees!
- Reports of The Computer Museum of Boston, predecessor of The Computer History Museum.
- IBM, Sindelfingen 6 page brochure, (500 KBytes) thanks to Robert Garner
Links to Virtual Computer Museums
- Archived media notes on: LINC, SAGE, Alto, Osborne, Punchcards, Busicom, ... and some great archived computer links spotted by Dag Spicer
- The Museum of HP Calculators
- Gordon Bell's home page, and A Personal CyberMuseum: Documents, Photo Albums, Talks, and Videotapes about Computing History by Gordon Bell
- Museum Waalsdorp Historic tale: "Papertape, Punch cards and Virtual Network", spotted by Eric Luiijf - click British flag for English
- Blinkenlights Archaeological Institute Big site, much Classic Computers Information
- The Virtual Museum of Computing (VMoC), (British)
- Computer History, Vortex Technology Home Page
- pcbiography very interesting PC facts
- A Personal CyberMuseum: Documents, Photo Albums, Talks, and Videotapes about Computing History by Gordon Bell
- Old-Computers.com spotted by Bruce Damer
- The John Vincent Atanasoff Archive containing || Completed ABC Replica || Demonstration ||
- Zuse-Machines in the Museums
General Computer Sites (recent additions near the top)
Architecture, Computers in General
- Computer Trees, from Gordon Bell
- History of Computing Speaker Series San Jose State University, 2011, Ron Mak organizer, w Gordon Bell, Bill Joy, Alan Kay, Don Knuth, and many others
- Assessing Trends in the Electrical Efficiency of Computation Over Time, linked from Eco-Technology Research Papers, 2009 local copy
- "Computing Before Computers" a book copyrighted in 1990, edited by William Aspray - .pdf format - From Abacus to ENIAC
- Reckoners "The Prehistory of the Digital Computer, from Relays to the Stored Program Concept, 1935-1945" by Paul E. Ceruzzi, 183 pages, discusses Zuse, ASCC, Bell Labs, & ENIAC
- Hardware Components and Computer Design by Harry D. Huskey, Designer of the popular (1956) Bendix G15 (from Google's cashe)
- "Computer Structures: Principles and Examples" (1982 edition) by Daniel Siewiorek, C. Gordon Bell, Allen Newell
"Computer Structures: Readings and Examples", (1971 edition) by C. Gordon Bell & Allen Newell
Table of Contents, with better links to chapters- 91 US minicomputer company attempts from 1968 to 1982 by Gordon Bell
- "It would be nice" - to get a discussion of how computer instructions are implemented:
hard wired logic vs micro-code
- A Brief History of Microprogramming, Mark Smotherman, Last updated: October 2012 (local copy)
- corrective comment from Ignacio Menendez
- A SYMPOSIUM ON "Commercially Available General-Purpose Electronic Digital Computers of Moderate Price -14 May 1952 -
- "A Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems", Ballistic Research Lab, December 1955 Report No. 971 (1st)
- "A Second Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems", Ballistic Research Lab, June 1957 Report No. 1010
- "A Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems", Ballistic Research Lab, March 1961 Report No. 1115 (3rd) - also a .pdf copy
- "A Survey of Domestic Electronic Digital Computing Systems", Ballistic Research Lab, January 1964 Report No. 1227 (4th)
- Historical monograph "ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS within the Ordnance Corps", November 1961 with history and technical descriptions of ENIAC, EDVAC, ORDVAC,BRLESC and a computer tree with enlargements. Speed ratings and costs of many computers of the era are included
- Early British Computers by Simon H. Lavington
- Computer Development (SEAC and DYSEAC) NBS Circular 551
- Computer Characteristics Quarterly Adams Associates - First and Second Quarters 1967 now complete and in PDF
- Computer Characteristics Quarterly Adams Associates - 4th Quarter 1967 - 1st Quarter 1968 in PDF
- The European Computer Users Handbook 1968/69 - Pergamon Computer Data Series - 55 page sample
- Digital Computer Characteristics from "Computer Industry Annual 1971-72"
- The IBM "ERA" IBM's Mainframe History - 45 Years of Evolution 1.22 megabytes, .pdf spotted by Jud McCarthy
Manufacturer Specific Sites
- Automatic Totalisators - machines for recording bets on horse races. - 1913-1928, 273 terminals, suggested by Brian
- The Computer Automation Museum Project Lars Hamren
- Cray-Cyber.org by John G. Zabolitzky - spotted by Dag Spicer
- Digital Equipment Corporation ((now part of COMPAQ) now part of HewlettPackard)
- From Inventing the Enterprise Gordon Bell, spotted by Dave Lion
- HP Computer Museum spotted by Pete Armstrong
- IBM - IBM Archives - Thanks LaFarr
- National Cash Register Core Memory, by Aleksandrs Guba
- Univac, RemingtonRand, Unisys Unisys History Newsletter written and published by George Gray - good stuff -
- Univac - the military computer side Computer Products from Lowell A. Benson including Univac computer genealogy charts.
Machine Specific Sites
- A
- the Antikythera mechanism working replica ;-)) Wired Magazine - via http://www.classiccmp.org/mailman/listinfo/cctech YouTube
- B
- The Manchester Small Scale Experimental Machine -- "The Baby" The world's first stored-program electronic digital computer
- BESM-6 Nostalgia Page
- Burroughs 205 HomePage Datatron, ElectroData by DT J Sawyer Bloomington, MN
- C
- CYBERNAC emulation of a pseudo computer. Developed to aid students plagued with faulty or nonexistant hardware.
- The Control Data CDC 6400:"The punchcard period"
- D
- Dartmouth Time Sharing re-creation of a age
- 'ENGLISH ELECTRIC' D.E.U.C.E.' web site by John Barrett "I was the maintenance engineer of the first English Electric Deuce computer delivered to the Royal Aircraft Establishment UK back in 1956."
- E
- The Edsac Simulator good information about "the world's first stored-program computer to operate a regular computing service."
- Elbrus-2 a Soviet-era high performance computer
- Electrologica X1 A Dutch machine. "This was also the first machine using interrupts, which increased I/O performance." - spotted by Robert Garner -
Electrologica site Spotted by Dick Weaver -- ERMA "Electronic Recording Method of Accounting" made for Bank of America by General Electric (local to this site)
- F, G
- Gemini (U.S. Space Program) Computer
- General Electric GE-225
- General Electric GE-225, GE-425, GE-435 in a large bank
- H, I
- IBM 650
- IBM 1401
- P
- Philco: Some Recollections of the Philco Transic S-2000 Saul Rosen - Purdue University - CSD-TR-91-051
- S
- Serel 505,1001 - early French computers from JM Pichot
- T
- A Physical Turing Machine with movie :-))
- TX-0, one of the first transistor based computers constructed.
- U
- UNIVAC 1 Computer System Big, good :-)) Spotted by Robert Garner
- V, W
- Making Electrons Count a film about MIT's Whirlwind - a very early core memory computer Spotted by Dag Spicer
- WISC - Gene Amdahl's PhD Thesis (off-site, scanned by Todd Bezenek who reminds us of the University of Wisconsin Libraries policy on copyrights.
sorted by manufacturer or common name
A, B, C, D, E, G, H, I, L, M, O, T, U, W
Reference Cards, Teletype Model 28, ERA ABLE & ATLAS & 1101, IBM 701 & 704
- - A -
- ERA ATLAS and ERA 1101 - by Harlan Snyder
- - B -
- "Burroughs 205 Central Computer Handbook", "Burroughs 205 Command List"
- "Burroughs B5000 Description"
- - C -
- Control Data Corp - Code Cards, from Jitze Couperus
CDC 160A, CDC 924, CDC 1604, CDC 3200, CDC 3400, CDC 6n00 CPU, CDC 6n00 PPU, CDC 7600 CPU, CDC Character Sets,- CDC 160A designed by Seymour Cray
- CDC 6600 Brochure 1963
- CDC 6600 Reference Manual 8.2MBytes
- Control Data 6600 Training Manual, Rev A, 6-17-65, from bitsavers.org
- CDC Extended Core Storage for the Control Data 6600 systems, a 2 wire per core system, from bitsavers.org
- Design of a Computer The Control Data 6600 by J.E. Thornton -
pdf format scanned (with permission) by Tom Uban (7.9 megabytes). Spotted by Mike. - early 7600 reference manual (14 MBytes) - from http://static.cray-cyber.org/Documentation/cdc7600hwrm.pdf
- CRAY-1 Hardware Reference Manual, first three chapters.
- "A History of Supercomputing at Florida State University" by Jeff Bauer CDC, ETA, CRAY
- Comptometer-Instructions
- DEC - ALPHA - too modern, but interesting
- - E -
- Solving the Enigma: History of the Cryptanalytic Bombe a 50 page booklet by NSA (National Security Agency)
- The Cryptographic Mathematics of ENIGMA a 20 page booklet by NSA (National Security Agency)
A different edition and cover by Dr. A. Ray Miller- English Electric, DEUCE - SODA A Translation Routine for the DEUCE Computer - by R. C. Brigham and C. G. Bell
- ERA ATLAS and ERA 1101 - by Harlan Snyder
- ERA 1101 - ERA1101 -ERA-1101 documents Harlan Snyder used to train on the machine in ?1950?
- - G -
- ERMA made by General Electric for Bank of America (local),
also The Development of the ERMA Banking System: Lessons from History by Fisher and McKenny in pdf format- G-15 Manuals 20 manuals scanned and stored by David Green who also points out 5 more G-15 manuals posted by Paul Pierce.
- GE Computer Department Data_Book contains material 1957 through 1960 date - 10 MByte .pdf - the 225 was in early design
- G.E. 225 pictures from Queensland Museum, and my comments
- Scans of GE-235, GE-DN-30 and GE-265 manuals
- GE-200 Series Operation Manual CPB-247C 8.7 Megabytes .pdf
- GE-225 System Operating Manual 1963 -> index page
- GE-225 System Manual - CPB-98A date 7/61 - 10.5 MByty .pdf
- GE-235 System Manual CPB-267 date 1963 7.8 Megabytes .pdf
- "GE-635 Reference Manual" (preview version this site) from the transcriber Hans B Pufal
- - H -
- Honeywell, "Small Machine" First Stage Report, by William L. Gordon, led to the Honeywell H-200, 5.7 MB, via Rob Sanders
- - I -
- Final Progress Report on the Physical Realization of an Electronic Computing Instrument" (IAS machine) by Goldstine, Pomerene, Smith - spotted by Leif Harcke. local backup copy
- IBM 011 Electric Punch Service Manual - .pdf 4.3 megabytes
- The IBM 26 Printing Key Punch, Reference Manual
- IBM 029 Card Punch (Key Punch) Field Engineering Maintenance Manual
- IBM 077 Collator - Manual Of Instruction scanned by Randy Neff - .pdf 5.8 megabytes
- IBM 077 Collator Principles Of Operation scanned by Randy Neff - .pdf 10.0 megabytes
- IBM 83 Sorter, Manual of Operation
- 305 RAMAC Manual of Operation - 150 pages 27 megabytes .pdf
- IBM Type 350 Magnetic-Disk Random-Access Memory and System Organization of the IBM 305
linked from IBM RAMAC 305 System and IBM RAMAC 350 Disk Drive Magnetic Disk Heritage Center
RAMAC some images- IBM 650 RAMAC - Manual of Operation - Preliminary Edition" lent by LaFarr Stuart, note, a later edition than on bitsavers.org - placed here for timing of "355 RAMAC" operations - 4.6 megabytes
- IBM 603 - Accounting Machines - Electronic Multiplier Customer Engineering Manual of Instruction
- IBM 604 - Principles of Operation, Reference Manual .pdf - 9 megabytes
- IBM 650 Practice Problems - Form 22-6215-2 - October 1956 - 4.7 megabytes
- IBM 650 Practice Problems, Additional Features - Form 22-6219-1 - October 1956 1.4 megabytes
- "IBM 704 Manual of Operation"
- IBM 706 - Williams Tube Memory an IBM manual and Bob Erickson's class notes - used on the IBM 701
scanned by Randy Neff, then sorted and enhanced June 2010, a 8 megabyte .pdf file - higher resolutions - CDROM and .tiffs available
A Table of Contents for the above- IBM 729 Customer Engineering Instruction Reference - 223-6988
a 15.5 megabyte .pdf file- Programming the IBM 1401
a 6.0 megabyte .pdf file- IBM 1402 Card Read-Punch IBM Customer Engineering Manual
- IBM 7090 documents from John van Gardner
- 7090 Motor Characteristics - size 0.04 megabytes
- 7090 Power Supply Control & Distribution 223-6904 Customer Engineering Man. of Instr. - size 4.0 megabytes
- 7608 Power Converter 7618 Power Control 223-2577_1 Customer Eng. Ref. - size 3.3 megabytes
- 7608 Power Converter 7618 Power Control 223-2577_2 - size 0.2 megabytes
- IBM 7094 "Data Flow Diagram" - size 0.14 megabytes from John van Gardner
- The IBM Card-Programmed Electronic Calculator, an 8 page article (Images up to 250 K bytes)
- Planning a Computer System - Project Stretch Edited by Werner Buchholz IBM 7030 - post scan processing by Paul McJones - 10.4 megabytes
- - L -
- THE MECHANICAL COMBINATION OF LINEAR FORMS a theoretical discussion of the Chain Prime Number Sieve Machine by D. H. LEHMER
- HUNTING BIG GAME IN THE THEORY OF NUMBERS a popular discussion on humting primes by D. N. LEHMER
- Lehmer Sieves by Mike Williams williams@computerhistory.org
- ""LGP-21 Programming Manual"" (the LGP-21 is code compatIble with the LGP-30)
- "LGP-30 Programming Manual" by Royal McBee Corporation
- Wes Clark lecture on the LINC November 18, 1981 - actually made by DEC
- - M -
- Maddida - a digital differential analyzer - 1950 - 2 MB
- "MANIAC II", manual, successor to the MANIAC at Los Alamos
- Monroe LA Instructions
- - O -
- Olivetti, Some information about the Elea 9003, Elea 6001, Elea 4001
- - T -
- Teletype Model 28 Maintenance Manual
- - U -
- UNIVAC 1 Maintenance Manual
- The Univac M-460 Computer which appears functionally identical and physically similar to the UNIVAC NTDS computer.
- - W -
- Wang "Calculating Apparatus" patent or how 300 transistors can do better than thousands.
- WISC - Gene Amdahl's PhD Thesis (off-site, scanned by Todd Bezenek who reminds us of the University of Wisconsin Libraries policy on copyrights.
- Resources for Programming Languages
- Software Preservation Group projects including:
ALGOL, APL, C++, FORTRAN, LISP etc.- Software History Center Software Industry, yes, there was life before Microsoft ;-)
- Charles Babbage Institute archives and research center at the University of Minnesota
- Computer History Assoc. of California
- CP/M Center
- Dartmouth Time Sharing System ... attempt to recreate the original system.
Software
- a little on APL
- Control of Multi Processing Machines
- A Translation Routine for the DEUCE Computer by R.C. Brigham and C. Gordon Bell
- Debugging (Software) on a PDP-11//10 - fun - video - takes a bit to start - (use the "Low Resolution" option - only 31 MB ;-))
- a_dozen_precursors_of_fortran.knuth-don.2003-12-03.102656937.wmv presentation by Donald Knuth 2003-12-03
- Problem Oriented Language (FORTH) by Chuck Moore, from here
- History of FORTRAN and FORTRAN II many documents, Paul McJones
- IBM Programmer Aptitude Test 120-6762-2 dated 1958
- Stories about the B5000 and People Who Were There by Richard Waychoff
- "Sargon, a Computer Chess Program"
- a history of ACK computer chess tournaments
- Nike Computer
- Make your own circular slide rule spotted by Kevin Appert
- Doug Coward's Analog Computer Museum and history center spotted by Daniel V. Wilson
- Analog computing using Meccano parts, Differential Analyzer # 1, # 2, - by Tim Robinson
- Things that Count Professor Jim Falk, University of Melbourne
- Babbage Difference Engine #2 - How to Initialize the Machine -
"Interesting" Computer People Sites
- a local collection - of tall tales ;-))
- The Way It Was: Tales from a life in computing from James Jay Horning
- Computer Oral History Collection 1969-1973, 1977 invention.smithsonian - from Howard Aiken to ...
- A Tribute to Dr. J. Presper Eckert Co-Inventor of ENIAC - courtesy Dan McGrath
- Seymour Cray Interview Smithsonian Institution - May 9, 1995
- Computer, Bit Slices From a Life by Herbert R.J. Grosch
- Memories of Early Computer Days, link to James Humberd
- Amdahl, Gene
- (offsite) COMPUTER - Bit Slices From a Life by Herbert R.J. Grosch
- Programming With Punched Cards by Dale Fisk, a jewel !! (local copy)
Groups interested in old computers (general)
May duplicate some links above.
- Computer History Club "DigiBarn"
Sources of old computer goods and services
- Chuck says he fixes unit record equipment
Miscellaneous Links
- Historically Brewed first issue, working toward a collection
- A Compact Historyof "Information Technology" from Agatha Charles
- A collection of thousands of punched cards from Donald Whittemore
- IBM Punch Card Systems in the U.S. Army via Roy Mize
- IBM Custom Systems developing the Universal Product Code
- A Transistor Museum web site.
- List 'Reference > Museums > Science > Technology > Computers' by Google, spotted by Bruce Damer
- The Old Calculator Museum
- Internet Archive by Brewster Kahle, who would like to archive the Internet - including a lot of computer history :-)) Also Way Back Machine
- The Newmanry History - Part of The General Report on Tunny and related The Colossus - its purpose and operation and The Colossus Rebuild Project by Tony Sale, spotted by John F Jarvis
- History of Computing Reprint Series
- The Vacuum Tube Supercomputer Centre - just having fun :-))
- Computer Science Degrees & Resources Online suggested by Joanna Tenson
If you have comments or suggestions, Send e-mail to Ed Thelen
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