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IBM-7094

Manufacturer IBM
Identification,ID 7094
Date of first manufacture1962
Number produced 130 7094 I's, 125 709 II's
Estimated price or cost-
location in museum -
donor -

Contents of this page:

Photo Photo
IBM 7094

Placard
IBM-7094 - by Ron Mak


IBM 7094

The 7094 was IBM's most powerful scientific computer in 1963. It could perform 500,000 logical decisions, 250,000 additions or subtractions, 100,000 multiplications, or 62,500 divisions in one second. It had hardware to do double-precision floating-point arithmetic.

The computer gained considerable I/O bandwidth from its separate data channels with direct memory access, and so it was also used to run business and general-purpose applications. The 7094 had an operating system called IBSYS, and FORTRAN and COBOL compilers.

A typical system cost $3,134,500. IBM stopped selling them in 1969.

Manufacturer: IBM Memory technology: magnetic core
First introduced: 1963 Memory size: 32K 36-bit words
CPU technology: transistor Cycle time: 2 microseconds (0.5 MHz)


Sources:
  • C. Gordon Bell, et al. Computer Structures: Readings and Examples. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1971. pp. 515-523
  • IBM 7094 Principles of Operation. IBM Systems Reference Library, 1962
  • IBM 7090/7094 IBSYS Operating System. IBM Systems Reference Library, 1964
  • IBM 7090/7094 IBSYS Operating System Version 13 FORTRAN IV Language. IBM Systems Reference Library, 1968
  • http://www.multicians.org/thvv/7094.html
  • http://www.multicians.org/mga.html
  • http://www.ibm.com/news/ls/1999/07/articles/sidebar_13.phtml
- Also see 7094 WORD.doc by Ron Mak

Architecture
The IBM 701, 704, 709, 7090 (709T) and 7094 were 36 bit parallel computers.

The IBM 701 stored 2 instructions per 36 bit word,
the rest stored 1 instruction per 36 bit word and were somewhat upward compatable (code written for a lower number machine might execute correctly on a higher number machine).

Special features
from Terry Harris 11/03/2003
Some years ago I had a chance to work on one of those old beasts. The Physics department at my old school got a 7090 donated to them. Some of us got it running as a project. The oil memory unit had a circulation pump that would move the oil through either a heater or a radiator depending on the oil temperature. As far as I remember the set point on the oil system was 104F.

We were lucky. Some folks at another university ( Purdue ) had gone through this before and were able to offer help. Also the machine came with a complete set of manuals. It took a few days just to cable it up. That thing had bundles of 92 ohm coax going all over the place.

One problem you had with the oil memory was metal fatigue in the plumbing. One night a small diameter tube in the circulation system developed a crack. Fortunately it was not a fast leak. Only lost a couple of gallons. Unfortunately the lab where the computer was located was right above the reading room for the branch of the university library in the Science building. They had a couple of books with translucent pages after that.

This was about 1970/71. There were several Universities then that were collecting old computers and nursing a little more life out of them. It seemed like a reasonable way to get some computing power cheap. In the early 1970's a 7090 or 7094 or a Univac 1103 was still a reasonably powerful machine and you could often get them for hauling them away.

Hmmm - I think the Computer History Museum IBM-1620 Restoration Crew said that the 1620 air cooled memory box had a thermostat set of 104 degrees F. - and the unit would think about executing programs until the memory box was up to temperature?

I will try to verify that today.

from Gordon Bell, 10/26/2000, see web site
BTW: the IBM 7090 core was in oil. Not sure about Stretch, but it probably was too as it pioneered technology that the 7090 exploited.
Ah Yes, the early magnetic core material was quite temperature sensitive. The magnetic characteristics changed quite a bit with temperature, and magnetic flipping used energy and warmed them up. I guess the oil helped stabilize their temperature. I remember magazine articles about the major efforts to find less temperature sensitive core material - which would eliminate the maintenance nightmare of having the core stacks in a tub of oil. Later core stacks (after about 1960) had the cores in air. :-)) A machine I worked on in 1960 had core stacks in air, but the core drivers had temperature sensors to adjust their current with the air temperature. Yes, the good old days were "interesting".
from Coslet, Tim July 2004
I've done a bit of research and found that both the 7090 and Stretch did use the same core memory unit:

IBM 7302 - IBM 7030 Core Storage (16384 - 72-bit words: 64 data bits & 8 ECC bits)

IBM 7302 - IBM 7090 Core Storage (32768 - 36-bit words)

It was probably a different model with some different logic (as Stretch used 8 bits of each 72 for ECC and the 7090 used all the bits as data), but it would have been the same core, the same heated oil bath, the same cabinet, etc.

Historical Notes
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This Specimen
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Interesting Web Sites

Other Information
I was curious why BIG IBM systems had so many tape drives
for instance,
http://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61-0549.jpg
linked from
http://www.ed-thelen.org/comp-hist/BRL61-ibm7070.html#IBM-7090
with 12. - Effective sorting can be done on six or less
John Van Gardner commented: (July 2008)

The 7090 at Lockheed Georgia had 10 729 tape drives.

Drive 1 contained a tape with the IBSYS Operating System.
Drive 2 was the input tape containing programs and data.
Drive 3 was for the printed output sent to a peripheral print system.
Drive 4 was for punched card output sent to a peripheral punch system.
That left 6 drives for the programs to use as needed for work space and to create tapes to be sent to the tape library.


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Updated July 8, 2008