BRL 1964, IBM 1401, starting page 0144 |
IBM 1401 Data Processing System MANUFACTURER International Business Machine Corporation Photo by IBM APPLICATIONS General purpose computing and data processing. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary coded decimal Decimal digits/word Variable length Decimal digits/instruction One to eight Instructions/word Variable length Arithmetic system Fixed point Instruction type One or two address Instruction word format +----+-------------+-----------+------------+ | OP | A/I Address | B Address | d Modifier | +----+-------------+-----------+------------+ | X | XXX | XXX | X | +----+-------------+-----------+------------+ +----+-------------+-----------+ | OP | (A/I) | B | +----+-------------+-----------+ | X | XXX | XXX | +----+-------------+-----------+ +----+-------------+-----+ | OP | (A/I) | d | +----+-------------+-----+ | X | XXX | X | +----+-------------+-----+ +----+-------------+ | OP | (A/I) | +----+-------------+ | X | XXX | +----+-------------+ +----+----+ | OP | d | +----+----+ | X | X | +----+----+ +----+ | OP | +----+ | X | +----+ OP 1 character operation A/I 3 character storage address where A is location of a data word or I is address of next instruction B 3 character storage address of a data word d 1 character modifier Automatic coding includes a symbolic programming system. Registers I Address Register A Address Register B Address Register
BRL 1964, IBM 1401, starting page 0145 |
A Register B Register A Index Register B Index Register AB Index Register A and B Address Registers allow chaining of instructions, i.e., performing a series of operations on several fields that are in sequence in storage. Less time is required to perform the operations and space is saved in storing instructions. Indexing is part of optional advanced programming feature which also includes abilities to move full records and to store A and B Address Registers for easy program modification. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Microsec Add 300 (8 + 8 digits) Mult 1,960 (6 x 4 digits) Div 3,002 (10/4 digits) Multiply-Divide times are for the Multiply-Divide feature installed. 1401 is an "Add-to-Storage" system. No additional instructions or time is required to store results. Arithmetic mode Serial (by character) Timing Synchronous Asynchronous (Depending on function) Operation Sequential Concurrent (Depending on function) Timing - Operations Card input/output can often be overlapped with processing. Print output can be partially overlapped with processing; or can be completely overlapped with print storage installed. Magnetic tape input/output can be partially overlapped. Internal processing is serial. STORAGE No. of Access Medium Alphanum/Char Microsec Magnetic Core 1,400; 2,000; 4,000; 11.5 8,000; 12,000; 16,000 Magnetic Disk 10,000,000 500,000 (Avg) (Type 1405) Model I Magnetic Disk 20,000,000 500,000 (Avg) (Type 1405) Model II 50,000 two hundred character records on 25 disks (Model I). 100,000 two hundred character records on 50 disks (Model II). One access arm standard; another available as special feature. Magnetic Disk Storage Drive (Type 1311) Model 4 - first drive on system. (Type 1311) Model 2 - additional up to 4) drives on system. "Comb" access consists of five arms, each with two read-write heads. Removable disk packs provide unlimited storage. Each disk pack composed of six disks providing ten recording surfaces. Each surface is made up of 100 concentric tracks; each track is divided into 20 sectors; each sector holds 100 characters. Disk pack capacity is 2,000,000 characters and with track - record special feature approximately 3,000,000; total on-line capacity 10 to 15 million characters. Average access 250,000 microseconds; with direct seek special feature, average access time is 150,000 microseconds. Magnetic Tape (See chart below)
BRL 1964, IBM 1401, starting page 0146 |
INPUT Medium Speed Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 800 cards/min Optional 51-column interchangeable Read Feed and Punch Feed Read special features. Magnetic Tape Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340. Paper Tape (IBM 1011 Paper Tape 500 chars/sec Reader). Control panels decode 5,6,7, or 8-track tape data and convert it to BCD characters. Optical Character Reader 300 - 420 doc min (IBM 1418 & 1428) Numeric or alphabetic data (according to machine type) read from cards or documents. Characters, including certain special characters, which may be read are 0.093 in. high, printed by an IBM 407, an IBM Elec. Typewriter, or an IBM 1403 Printer, Model 1 or 2. Paper or card dimensions vary according to equipment model; horizontal width 3 to 8-3/4 in. and vertical dimension of 2-1/3 to 4-732 in. Mark reading ability. Console Inquiry Station (IBM 1407) A modified IBM Elec. Typewriter can be used to obtain or enter data on a limited basis; primarily used with disk storage. IBM Console, Model 3, used to enter or obtain (print) data, can also be attached to terminal equipment, thereby providing buffered, remote communication ability. OUTPUT Medium Speed Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 250 cards/min Magnetic Tape Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340. Tape Punch (IBM 1012) 150 chars/sec Punches into paper or Mylar tape 5, 6, 7, 8-track. Printer (IBM 1403 Models 1 & 2) 600 lines/min Numerical Print Feature, option on the 1403, allows 1,385 lines/min printing of purely numerical data. IBM 1404 Printer, used in lieu of 1403, has all continuous form printing functions of 1403, plus a dual channel cut-card feeding mechanism. CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM Type Quantity Diodes 6,213 - 14,171 (Min. and max. systems) Transistors 4,315 - 9,805 (Min. and max. systems) Magnetic Cores Type 17 17,540 Minimum system Type 24 200 Type 17 129,540 Maximum system Type 24 600 Type 18 1,120 CHECKING FEATURES Parity and validity checks are made. Programming checks, balances and controls may be made. 1402 Checking Automatic hole count check between read stations. Automatic Hollerith Validity check before storage entry. Automatic hole count check between punch station and punch check station. 1402 Translation Automatic card to internal BCD input translation. Automatic internal BCD to card output translation. 1403 Checking Automatic parity check of character to be printed. Automatic validity check of character tobe printed. Hammer action to be performed. Hammer action performed. Magnetic Tape Checking Vertical parity check by character. Horizontal check by record. Two-gap head verifies validity at the time data is written. Dual-level sensing provides additional checking of tape read and write operations and error-free operation on valid data. IBM Phase Encoding Provides highly reliable method of bit encoding on Hypertape so all single-bit and most double-bit errors can be corrected. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Power, computer 2.88 Kw 3.2 KVA min. = Model A (Max.) 12.15 Kw 13.5 KVA 0.80 to 0.90 pf max. = Model C + 6 - 729s Power, air conditioner approx 3 Kw (Min.) approx 11 Kw (max.) The KVA and power factor varies. Minimum system requires 1 Ton, maximum system requires 3 1/2 Tons. Minimum Maximum Volume, computer 117.2 cu ft 403.8 cu ft Area, computer 33.8 sq ft 80.8 sq ft Room size 239.0 sq ft 463.0 sq ft Floor loading 50.0 lbs/sq 500.0 lbs concen ft max. Volume, air conditioner 1 Ton Unit 6.0 cu ft 5 Ton Unit 84 cu ft Area, computer - 1 ton 3 sq ft Area, computer - 5 ton 12 sq ft Capacity, air conditioner Depends on manufacturer. 3 1/2 tons are required for maximum size system, a 5 ton unit would be nearest size available. Weight, computer 3,063 lbs (min) 11,530 lbs (max) Normal air conditioning will usually be adequate, providing the capacity is available to handle the added B.T.U. of heat generated by the system. Relatively few restrictions are placed on the arrangement of the 1401 System units. Electrical requirements - 208 or 230 volts (+ 10%), 3-phase (4-wire), 60 cycle (+ 1/2 cycle). Environmental requirements Power On (system operating) temperature 60o - 90oF. relative humidity 20 - 80%, air filtration - 20% minimum by National Bureau of Standards discloration test for mechanical-type filter. Power Off (extended non-operational period) temperature 50o - 110o F., relative humidity 0 - 80%. These environmental requirements are less stringent than those that apply to storage areas for IBM cards and magnetic tape. It is recommended that instruments capable of recording temperature and humidity be provided. The 1401 System does not require a raised floor. Also, the use of a raised floor reduces the possibility of damage to cables and improves the appearance of the installation, as well as promoting good safety practices. PRODUCTION RECORD Several thousand in operation.
BRL 1964, IBM 1401, starting page 0147 |
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Purchase Monthly Price Rental Basic System IBM 1401 $ 83,700 $1,200 Processing Unit, Model A-1 IBM 1402 Card Read Punch, 30,000 550 Model 1 IBM 1403, model 1 32,900 725 ------- ----- Total 146,600 2,475 Additional Equipment* IBM 7330 Magnetic Tape Unit 22,000 450 729 II Magnetic Tape Unit 36,000 700 729 IV Magnetic Tape unit 41,250 900 729 V Magnetic Tape Unit 37,200 750 7340(2) Magnetic Tape Unit 68,500 1,050 *Appropriate Model of 1401 processing unit must be specified as well as 7641 Hypertape Control for 7340 tape units. IBM 1406 Additional Core 24,500 575 to Storage (3 models) to 67,100 1,575 Systems rental range $2,700 - $8,800. Maintenance contracts available for purchased equipment. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Varies considerably according to installation and application. Training made available by the manufacturer to the users includes programming and practical experience on systems. Programming systems available are: File (disk storage) Utilities and File Organization programs Report program Generators Autocoder Testing-debugging aids COBOL Sorts FORTRAN IOCS Card Utilities Sub-routines Tape Utilities Service routines FARGO Symbolic Programming System RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE Reliability is achieved by utilizing solid state devices, i.e. core storage, printed circuits, and transistorized circuits. Checking, as previously detailed, also provides reliability. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Outstanding features are: high-speed card input output, low and high-speed magnetic tape input/output, paper tape input/output, disk file storage including removable disk packs, direct communication abilities between systems and terminal equipment, direct entry of data with banking (IBM 1412-1419 MICR) equipment, completely variable length core storage assignments, "add-to-storage" simplifies programming, and singleinstruction print editing. Column binary device. Unique system advantages are: solid-state engineering, economical, independent data processing system, auxiliary system to 700/7000 series, and simplified programing. Growth of the system is permissible in the basic card system, the advanced card system, and the card and magnetic system. Optional features as required, are available.
BRL 1964, IBM 1440, starting page 0148 |
IBM 1440 Data Processing System MANUFACTURER International Business Machines Corporation. Photo by IBM APPLICATIONS General purpose computer for small and medium sized businesses. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary coded decimal Decimal digits/word Variable Decimal digits/instruction Variable (1 to 8) Instructions/word Variable Arithmetic system Fixed point Instruction type Variable Up to two addresses with modifier and indexing. Instruction word format +-----+----------+----------+----+----+ | B | I I I | B B B | d | 0 | +-----+----------+----------+----+----+ | Iop | I1 I2 I3 | I4 I5 I6 | I7 | I8 | +-----+----------+----------+----+----+ or as OP AAA BBB d_ Automatic built-in subroutines Add/Subtract Arithmetic Move and Load Data Fields Hi-Lo-Eq. Compare Expanded Edit Indexing Bit Test H Multiply Divide Registers and B-Boxes Op Register B-Data Register A-Data Register 3-position Address reg: A, B, I and Main A-Aux, Register and B-Aux,Register (with M/D) ARITHMETIC UNIT Add T = 11.1 (LI + 1 + La + Lb) microseconds Mult T = 11.1 (LI + 3 + 2 LC + 5 LCLM + 7 LM) Div T = 11.1 (LI + 2 + 7 LRLQ + 8 LQ) LI = Length of Instruction LC = Length of Multiplicand Field LM = Length of Multiplier Field LR = Length of Divisor LQ = Length of Quotient Field L a =Length of A-Field Lb = Length of B-Field Arithmetic mode Serial The arithmetic unit is parallel-by-bit and serialby-character. The computer is of the add-to-storage variety. Timing Synchronous and Asynchronous Operation Sequential The system functions on a parallel-by-bit, serial-by-character principle. I/0 operations are asynchronous when the device does not have the associated buffer feature. All internal operations are synchronous, being governed by a crystal-controlled oscillator. Unbuffered I/0 devices control the clock on a demand basis when they are being serviced by the processor. STORAGE No. of No. of Access Medium Words Characters Microsec Magnetic Cores Variable 4,000 - 16,000 11.5 Available in 4,000 increments Disk Stor. Units Variable 250,000 2 IBM 1311's 4,000,000 (average) 5 IBM 1311's 10,000,000 With "Move Track Record" feature the number, of digits is increased to 2,980,000 per unit. With "Direct Seek" feature the average access time is decreased to 185,000 microseconds.
BRL 1964, IBM 1440, starting page 0149 |
Photo by IBM The photos show the operator loading an IBM 1311 memory disk pack on the IBM 1440 computer. In the picture sequence, the operator carries a disk pack containing six 14-inch memory disks to the IBM 1440. She places the disks on the disk storage drive spindle, removes the pack cover, and the unit is ready to operate. The time required is less than one minute. Disk packs can be removed in the same manner and stored like books on a library shelf until they are needed again. This data storage technology makes it possible for a user to maintain a separate disk pack for each of his major data processing jobs. The disk packs, which weigh less than 10 pounds, have a storage capacity of nearly 3,000,000 alphanumeric characters. CHECKING FEATURES Processor IBM 1441 OP - Register Validity 1 A - Register Parity B - Register Parity Storage Address validity Address Modifier Parity IBM 1442 Punch Echo-check Head validity Read registration Feed check IBM 1443 Sync check Parity check IBM 1447 Typer odd bit check Buffer odd bit check (With buffer only KYBO Contacts VRC IBM 1311 Parity Read back check Address compare Record length POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES $90,000 and up, depending on system configuration. $1,500 and up, monthly rental, depending on system configuration. RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE The electronic elements for the system are tested, under quality control procedures before shipment, and the system is tested after installation. and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability.
BRL 1964, IBM 1460, starting page 0150 |
IBM 1460 Data Processing System MANUFACTURER International Business Machine Corporation Photo by IBM APPLICATIONS General purpose computer that functions like the widely-used IBM 1401, yet processes information internally almost twice as fast. The IBM 1460 features an 1,100 1/m printer. The IBM 1460 gives IBM 1401 users who require increased processing capabilities a logical advance to a larger computer. When used as auxiliary equipment for IBM 7000 series computers, the IBM 1460 will accelerate processing operations in many industries which require faster printed and magnetic tape output. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary coded decimal Decimal digits/word Variable length Decimal digits/instruction one to eight Instructions/word Variable length Arithmetic system Fixed point Instruction type One or two address Instruction word format +----+-------------+-----------+------------+ | OP | A/I Address | B Address | d Modifier | +----+-------------+-----------+------------+ | X | XXX | XXX | X | +----+-------------+-----------+------------+ +----+-------------+-----------+ | OP | (A/I) | B | +----+-------------+-----------+ | X | XXX | XXX | +----+-------------+-----------+ +----+-------------+-----+ | OP | (A/I) | d | +----+-------------+-----+ | X | XXX | X | +----+-------------+-----+ +----+-------------+ | OP | (A/I) | +----+-------------+ | X | XXX | +----+-------------+ +----+----+ | OP | d | +----+----+ | X | X | +----+----+ +----+ | OP | +----+ | X | +----+ OP 1 character operation A/I 3 character storage address where A is location of a data word or I is address of next instruction B 3 character storage address of a data word d 1 character modifier Automatic coding includes a symbolic programming system.
BRL 1964, IBM 1460, starting page 0150 |
Registers I Address Register A Address Register B Address Register A Register B Register A Index Register B Index Register AB Index Register A and B Address Registers allow chaining of instructions, i.e., performing a series of operations on several fields that are in sequence in storage. Less time is required to perform the operations and space is saved in storing instructions. Indexing is part of optional advanced programming feature which also includes abilities to move full records and to store A and B Address Registers for easy program modification. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Microsec Add 300 (8 + 8 digits) Mult 1,960 (6 x 4 digits) Div 3,002 (10/4 digits) Multiply-Divide times are for the Multiply-Divide feature installed. 1401 is an "Add-to-Storage" system. No additional instructions or time is required to store results. Arithmetic mode Serial (by character) Timing Synchronous Asynchronous (Depending on function) Operation Sequential Concurrent (Depending on function) Timing - Operations Card input/output can often be overlapped with processing. Print output can be partially overlapped with processing; or can be completely overlapped with print storage installed. Magnetic tape input/output can be partially overlapped. Internal processing is serial. STORAGE No. of Access Medium Alphanum/Char Microsec Magnetic Core 8,000; 12,000; 16,000 6 Magnetic Disk 10,000,000 500,000 (Avg) (Type 1405) Model I Magnetic Disk 20,000,000 500,000 (Avg) (Type 1405) Model II 50,000 two hundred character records on 25 disks (Model I). 100,000 two hundred character records on 50 disks (Model II). One access arm standard; another available as special feature. Magnetic Disk Storage Drive (Type 1311) Model 4 - first drive on system. (Type 1311) Model 2 - additional up to 4) drives on system. "Comb" access consists of five arms, each with two read-write heads. Removable disk packs provide unlimited storage. Each disk pack composed of six disks providing ten recording surfaces. Each surface is made up of 100 concentric tracks; each track is divided into 20 sectors; each sector holds 100 characters. Disk pack capacity is 2,000,000 characters and with track - record special feature approximately 3,000,000; total on-line capacity 10 to 15 million characters. Average access 250,000 microseconds; with direct seek special feature, average access time is 150,000 microseconds. Magnetic Tape (See chart below)
BRL 1964, IBM 1460, starting page 0152 |
INPUT Medium Speed Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 800 cards/min Optional 51-column interchangeable Read Feed and Punch Feed Read special features. Magnetic Tape Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340. Paper Tape (IBM 1011 Paper Tape 500 chars/sec Reader). Control panels decode 5,6,7, or 8-track tape data and convert it to BCD characters. Optical Character Reader 300 - 420 doc min (IBM 1418 & 1428) Numeric or alphabetic data (according to machine type) read from cards or documents. Characters, including certain special characters, which may be read are 0.093 in. high, printed by an IBM 407, an IBM Elec. Typewriter, or an IBM 1403 Printer, Model 1 or 2. Paper or card dimensions vary according to equipment model; horizontal width 3 to 8-3/4 in. and vertical dimension of 2-1/3 to 4-732 in. Mark reading ability. Console Inquiry Station (IBM 1407) A modified IBM Elec. Typewriter can be used to obtain or enter data on a limited basis; primarily used with disk storage. IBM Console, Model 3, used to enter or obtain (print) data, can also be attached to terminal equipment, thereby providing buffered, remote communication ability. OUTPUT Medium Speed Cards (IBM 1402 Card Read Punch) 250 cards/min Magnetic Tape Models 7330, 729II, IV, V, and 7340. Tape Punch (IBM 1012) 150 chars/sec Punches into paper or Mylar tape 5, 6, 7, 8-track. Printer (IBM 1403 Models 1 & 2) 600 lines/min Numerical Print Feature, option on the 1403, allows 1,385 lines/min printing of purely numerical data. IBM 1404 Printer, used in lieu of 1403, has all continuous form printing functions of 1403, plus a dual channel cut-card feeding mechanism. CHECKING FEATURES Parity and validity checks are made. Programming checks, balances and controls may be made. 1402 Checking Automatic hole count check between read stations. Automatic Hollerith Validity check before storage entry. Automatic hole count check between punch station and punch check station. 1402 Translation Automatic card to internal BCD input translation. Automatic internal BCD to card output translation. 1403 Checking Automatic parity check of character to be printed. Automatic validity check of character tobe printed. Hammer action to be performed. Hammer action performed. Magnetic Tape Checking Vertical parity check by character. Horizontal check by record. Two-gap head verifies validity at the time data is written. Dual-level sensing provides additional checking of tape read and write operations and error-free operation on valid data. IBM Phase Encoding Provides highly reliable method of bit encoding on Hypertape so all single-bit and most double-bit errors can be corrected. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Requuirements vary widely, depending on the system configuration. Similar to IBM 1401 COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES $479,000 and up depending on system configuration. $9,800 and up depending on system configuration. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Varies considerably according to installation and application. Training made available by the manufacturer to the users includes programming and practical experience on systems. Programming systems available are: File (disk storage) Utilities and File Organization programs Report program Generators Autocoder Testing-debugging aids COBOL Sorts FORTRAN IOCS Card Utilities Sub-routines Tape Utilities Service routines FARGO Symbolic Programming System
BRL 1964, IBM 1460, starting page 0153 |
BRL 1964, IBM 1620 MOD 2, starting page 0154 |
IBM 1620 MOD 2 Data Processing System MANUFACTURER International Business Machines Corporation Photo by IBM APPLICATIONS System is used for the solution of problems in petroleum, public utilities, optics, general manufacturing, general engineering, civil engineering and electronics. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary coded decimal Decimal digits/word Variable length Decimal digits/instruction 12 Instructions word Variable field (1 instruction per 12 digits) Instructions decoded 50 (43 standard, 7 optional) Arithmetic system Fixed & floating point Floating point is a special feature. Instruction type Two address Number range Variable field Instruction word format +-----------+-----------+-----------+ | 1 2 | 3 7 | 8 12 | +-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Operation | P Address | Q Address | +-----------+-----------+-----------+ Automatic built-in subroutines Variable length floating point arithmetic operations are available as special features. Automatic coding Symbolic Programming System, FORTRAN & GOTRAN Registers and B-Boxes Indirect addressing plus immediate instructions are standard instead of indexing. Branch and Transmit instruction provides single instruction linkage to subroutines.
BRL 1964, IBM 1620 MOD 2, starting page 0155 |
ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Microsec Add 215 (10 digit average) Mult 4,260 (10 digit average) Div 11,490 (10 digit average) Arithmetic mode Serial The IBM 1620 Model 2 is a two-address system and the operation times given above include access time to the two operands and the storing of the result. Divide time includes loan dividend. Multiply uses table look-up in core storage. Timing Synchronous Some devices are asynchronous Operation Sequential (Instruction execution) Concurrent (I/0 read/write) INPUT Medium Speed Remarks Paper Tape 150 chars/sec (8 channel) Typewriter Manual (Alphanumeric) Cards 250 cards/min (Buffered) OUTPUT Medium Paper Tape 15 chars/sec (8 channel) Typewriter 15.5 chars/sec (Alphanumeric) Cards 125 cards/min (Buffered) Line Printer 150 or 240 (Buffered) lines/min STORAGE No. of Access Medium Format Characters Microsec Core Variable field 20,000 - 60,000 10 Disk 20,000 100 dig. 2,000,000 to 250 (aver) records 8,000,000 400 (max) Disk packs are removable and interchangeable giving unlimited storage ability. CHECKING FEATURES Checking features include parity check on input, output and internal manipulation of data. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES $74,500 and up depending on system configuration. $1,600 and up, depending on system configuration. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Training made available by the manufacturer to the user includes instruction on programming systems. RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE The electronic elements for system are tested, the completed system is tested under quality control procedures before shipment, and the system is tested after installation and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Outstanding features include variable length data field, immediate operations, indirect addressing, alphanumeric or numeric data handling. The system is compatible with the IBM 1620 Model 1, giving up to four times improvement of internal computer speed. Improvement varies with program depending on the instruction mix.
BRL 1964, IBM 1710, starting page 0156 |
IBM 1710 IBM 1710 Control Control System MANUFACTURER International Business Machines Corporation. Photo by IBM APPLICATIONS On line, real-time system used in control of processes such as petroleum (crude distillation., catalytic cracker, etc.) chemical processes (ammonia, plastics, cement, paper, steel, used in testing and manufacturing control applications in electronic components, vehicle testing, discrete manufacturing of equipment e.g. automotive parts, and used ire research applications in government, hospitals, and universities. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary coded decimal Decimal digits/word Variable word length Decimal digits/instruction. 12 Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 50 (IBM 1620 - type of IBM 1710 Arithmetic system Fixed point, Floating point is a special feature. Instruction type Two-address Number range 10 +- 99 floating point characteristic Instruction word format +-------------+---------+--------------+ | 1 2 | 3 4 | 5 12 | +-------------+---------+--------------+ | 0 Operation | Data | Data Address | | | Address | or not used | +-------------+---------+--------------+ The eighth digit is used a.: operation, modifier in some cases where the 8th through 12th digits are not used as the Data Address. Automatic built-in subroutines include variable length floating point arithmetic. Automatic coding FORTRAN, Executive Program, SPS
BRL 1964, IBM 1710, starting page 0157 |
Register ten: and B-Boxes Index Registers are included when an IBM 1620-type of IBM 1710 System is used. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Microsec Add 215 (10 digit average) Mult 4,260 (10 digit average) Div 11,170 (10 digit average) Arithmetic mode Serial Timing Asynchronous Operation Sequential, with interrupt The IBM 1620-type of IBM 1710 is a two-address system for the location of two operands and the location. of the results. STORAGE Medium No. of Characters Access Microsec Core 20,000 - 80,000 20 Disk Storage 2,000,000 250,000 (avg) 400,000 (max) Disk packs are removable and interchangeable, giving unlimited storage. INPUT Medium Speed Remarks Cards 250 cards/min Buffered Paper Tape 150 chars/min 8 channel Manual Entry Manual Both decimal and sense switches which are process operator oriented. Typewriter Manual Alphanumeric Process inputs accepted are analog, digital, contact sense, pulse, pulse duration, and interrupts. OUTPUT Medium Speed Cards 125 cards/min Buffered Paper Tape 15 chars/sec 8 channel Printer 150 - 250 lines/min Buffered Typewriter 15 chars/sec Alphanumeric Digital Display Process-operator oriented Process outputs are analog set-point positioning, and contact-operate type. CHECKING FEATURES Paritv check on input and internal transfers. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES $150,000 and up, depending ors system configuration. $ 3,500 and up, depending or system configuration. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Training made available by the manufacturer to the user includes instruction on programming systems. RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE The electronic elements for the system are tested, the completed system is tested under quality control procedures before shipment, and the system is tested after installation and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS System is modular in construction and capable of expansion from small data acquisition- system to large closed loop system.
BRL 1964, IBM 6400, starting page 0158 |
IBM 6400 Accounting Machine MANUFACTURER Electric typewriter Division, IBM Photo by IBM APPLICATIONS The IBM 6400 is an operator oriented, general purpose accounting/computing machine. It is designed to handle a wide variety of accounting applications, ranging from complete accounting systems in small and medium size businesses to specialized magnetic ledger card applications in large business organizations, e.g. mortgage loan accounting, installment loan accounting, hospital patient billing and brokerage confirmation preparation. Many applications can be tied together into one accounting system, such as billing with automatic updating and control of Accounts Receivable and Inventory records, plus sales analysis distribution. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary Binary digits/word 36 Arithmetic system Fixed point Instruction type Two address Automatic built-in subroutines Subroutines may be programmed and automatically activated, e.g.: Automatic new magnetic ledger card generation Alternate pricing routines Continuous form overflow preparation Automatic coding Encoding from decimal to binary and from binary to decimal.
BRL 1964, IBM 6400, starting page 0158 |
Registers and B-Boxes Maximum of eight 36-bit-core registers. Control panel program Control panel wiring normally addresses two words of memory to use plus the function and the next address. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Microsec Add 4,320 mult 296,000 Div 296,000 Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Vacuum-Tubes 0 Transistors 1,048 (Aver. mach. configuration) Diodes 488 (Aver. mach. configuration) Magnetic Cores 2,952 (Maximum) Arithmetic mode Serial Timing Synchronous Operation Sequential STORAGE No. of No. of Medium Words Bits/Word Magnetic Core (Main) 40 36 Magnetic Core (Ledger) There are 48 characters of special alphabetic storage for storing constant alphabetic information for type out. The 48 characters may be divided into four words of variable field length. Functions such as space, tab and carrier return may be stored also. The magnetic ledger stripe itself can consist of as many as 252 alpha numeric characters. The ratio of numeric digits to alpha characters is 10 to 6. For every 10-digit numeric word used, only 6 alpha characters are used. The maximum numeric word usage is fifteen 10-digit words. Therefore, the memory may consist of all alpha storage consisting of nine variable length words or up to fifteen 10-digit numeric words and still retain 102 alphabetic characters. 192 total alpha - 90 (15 x 6) to provide 150 numeric digits ------------------------------------------ 102 Alpha characters 150 numeric digits Total 252 alpha numeric digits INPUT Medium Speed Numeric Keyboard 12 chars/sec (max) Typewriter Keyboard 15 chars/sec (ma x) Magnetic Ledger Card 252 chars in approx 0.5 sec IBM Punched Cards 17 columns/sec (max) Entire stripe read to core memory by sweep of a magnetic read head in approximately 0.5 sec. OUTPUT Medium Speed Primary Printer 15 chars/sec (220 positions) Magnetic Ledger Printer 15 chars/sec (130 positions) Magnetic Ledger Card 252 chars in approx 0.5 sec IBM Punched Cards Approx 15 columns/sec Punching from automatic printer output at 15 columns/second. Punching from memory output at approximately 16 columns/second. CHECKING FEATURES Read magnetic stripe by parity check and character count. Record magnetic stripe same as read plus a bit-by-bit direct compare with core memory. Other programmable features permit additional checking, e.g. zero balance test, negative balance test, branching selectors, and format control checking. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Power, computer (max.) 1.0 Kw 1.4 KVA 0.7 pf Computer Volume Area Room Size Model Occupied Occupied Required 6410 30.2 cu ft 77 sq ft 102"x83" min. 63 6420 45.4 cu ft 86 sq ft 102"x118" min. 58 6410 & 6426 43.3 cu ft 89 sq ft 152"x108" min-55 6420 & 6426 58.4 cu ft 98 sq ft 152"x118" min-54 Weight, computer model 6410 750 lbs 6420 + 250 lbs 6426 + 250 lbs = 1,250 lbs max. Electrical.requirement: Wattage: 115 volts (+ 10%) Model Watts Single Phase 3 - wire 6410 550 60 Cycle AC (+ 1/2 cycle) 6420-6425 630 15 Service amperes 6410-6426 820 6420-6425-6426 900 Provide normal working environment. Optimum temperature 50 F to 85 F. Optimum humidity 30 - 65%. Provide similar storage area for ledger cards. Provide adequate floor strength for weights noted above. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Monthly Purchase Annual Model Description Rental Price Maint. 6410 Accounting Machine $495 $23,600 $825 6420 Magnetic Ledger Accounting Mach. 520 24,300 855 6425 Magnetic Ledger Unit 175 8,300 480 6424 Card Punch 90 4,075 340 6426 Printing Card Punch 115 5,175 380 The 6420 and 6425 operate together. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Training made available by the manufacturer to the user includes instruction on programming systems. RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE The electronic elements for the system are tested, the completed system is tested under quality control procedures before shipment, and the system is tested after installation and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Alphabetic and numeric storage on Magnetic Ledger Card. Special Alphabetic Storage Format Control of Printing and Routines Unique Automatic Paper Handling Full arithmetic ability (add, subtract, multiply, and divide) at computer speeds. Combines several applications in one system operation. Eliminates separate addressing operations because of alpha storage. Unlimited distribution through card output. Automatic by-product management reports.
BRL 1964, IBM 7010, starting page 0160 |
IBM 7010 IBM 7010 Data Processing System MANUFACTURER International Business Machines Corporation Photo by IBM Corp., Data Processing Division APPLICATIONS General purpose computing with provisions for on line, real time applications. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary coded decimal Decimal digits/word Variable Decimal digits/instruction Variable 1 to 12 Instructions word 1 Instructions decoded 32 instructions 64 instruction modifiers Arithmetic system Fixed & floating point Instruction type Variable Number range Floating point - 17 digit mantissa 2 digit exponent Automatic built-in subroutines includes auto printout and floating point arithmetic. Automatic coding includes FORTRAN, COBOL, and AUTOCODER. Registers and B-Boxes include 15 Index Registers, 1 Instruction Address Register, and 8 Address Registers. Broad package of programs available. The IBM 1401 set of instructions are used. The instruction word format is variable, e.g. only the operation code may be given. The op Code and one address, the OP Code and two addresses, or the op Code, two addresses and a modifier +------+-----------+-----------+----------+ | 1 | 2 6 | 7 11 | 12 | +------+-----------+-----------+----------+ | OP | Address A | Address B | Modifier | | Code | | | | +------+-----------+-----------+----------+ Instruction word format
BRL 1964, IBM 7010, starting page 0161 |
ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Microsec. Add 22 Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Transistors Arithmetic mode Serial Parallel access, serial process The operation times vary by the field length and instruction lengths, e.g. the add time in microseconds is given by: 1.2 (Length of Instruction + Length of A Address +3). + 1.6 (Length of B Address + 1) + 1.6 (Length of B Address + 1). (The third term is included only on recomplement, if required). Typically, addition might require 22 microseconds. Timing Synchronous Operation Sequential Concurrent on Input/Output. STORAGE No. of Access Medium Characters Microsec Magnetic Cores 100,000 2.4 Transistor Latch 1 result char 1.2 (1st char) 2 A chars & 0.050 (2d char) 2 B chars Magnetic Disk File 56,000,000 50,000 to 180,000 alphanumeric char/file Magnetic tape No. of units that can be connected 40 Units No. of chars/linear inch 800 Chars/inch Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches Tape speed 112.5 Inches/sec Transfer rate 90,000 Chars/sec Start time 5 Millisec Stop 3.8 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 45 Seconds Physical properties of tape Width 0.5 Inches Length of reel 2,400 Feet Composition Mylar Magnetic tape information given applies to IBM 729 VI tape units. IBM 729 II, IV, V and 7330 tape units may also be used. INPUT Medium Speed Remarks Magnetic Tape 90,000 chars/sec (IBM 729 & 7330) Paper Tape 500 chars/sec (IBM 1011) Teletype (Feature) Card Read-Punch 800 cards/min (IBM 1402-2) Typewriter IBM 1440 System IBM 7750 PTC Magnetic Disk File OUTPUT Medium Speed Remarks Magnetic Tape 90,000 chars/sec (IBM 729 & 7330) Teletype (Feature) Card Read-Punch 250 cards/min (IBM 1402-2) Printer 1,100 lines/min (IBM 1403-3) Magnetic Disk File 90,000 chars/sec CHECKING FEATURES Fixed checking features include B data parity, A data parity, assembly parity, result reg parity, address entry 2 out of 5 parity, address modify parity, load-regenerate memory check, instruction length check, validity of instruction check, restore status check, cycle look-ahead check, clocking check, character selection check, memory address-regenerate check, 2-character I/0 data check, and fail safe data paths are used. Optional checks include a memory-protect check and a program error check. The checks are possible of auto branches to a specified area if the memory protect-program relocate feature is utilized. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration. COST. PRICE AND RENTAL RATES The price of the basic system is $1,307,550 and up, depending on system configuration. The monthly rental is $27,570 and up depending on system configuration. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Training made available by the manufacturer to the user includes instruction on programming systems. RELIABILITY. OPERATING EXPERIENCE The electronic elements for the system are tested, and the completed system is tested under quality control procedures before shipment; and the system is tested after installation and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS The system will operate IBM 1410 and IBM 1401 programs without alteration. Modularity provides means to cover a wide range of applications and work load. System advantages include automatic card-tape load function, a fail safe design, 4 input/output data channels, each capable of overlap and/or unoverlap. A wide range of input/output equipment optional and special features, compatibility with the IBM 1401 and 1410 Systems, and overlapped instruction execution.
BRL 1964, IBM 7040, starting page 0162 |
IBM 7040 MANUFACTURER International Business Machines Corporation Photo by IBM Corp., Data Processing Division APPLICATIONS General purpose data processing. Scientific computing Real time and multi computer capabilities available. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary Binary digits/word 36 Binary digits/instruction 36 Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 120 Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point Floating point - single and double precision available. Fixed point - standard Instruction type One address Number range (fixed point) 11 dec digits/word (floating point) 10 ± 38 (approx.) Instruction word format +-----------+-------+-------+---------+ | S,1 11 | 12 17 | 18 20 | 21 35 | +-----------+-------+-------+---------+ | Operation | Count | Tag | Address | +-----------+-------+-------+---------+ S = Sign bit position Automatic coding COBOL MACRO Assembly FORTRAN Registers and B-Boxes 3 Index Registers Instruction Register Accumulator MQ Register Storage Register Address Register
BRL 1964, IBM 7040, starting page 0162 |
Optional features include an internal timer, a memory protect, and extended performance features. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access Microsec Microsec Add 16 0.888 Mult 40 Div 54 Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Vacuum-Tubes 0 Transistors 6,069 Condenser-Diodes 16,034 Magnetic-Cores 1,212,416(in a 32,768-word storage unit) Solid state components are used throughout. Arithmetic mode Parallel Timing Synchronous & Asynchronous Operation Sequential - Concurrent I/0 STORAGE No. of No. of Access Medium Words Characters Microsec Magnetic Core 32,768 4.0 Magnetic Disk File 28,000,000/ 17,000 to module 200,000 Magnetic Tape No. of units that can be connected 50 Units No. of chars/linear inch 800 Chars/inch Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches Tape speed 37.5 - 112.5 Inches/sec Transfer rate 7,500 - 90,000 Chars/sec Start time 4.5 - 20 Millisec Stop time 4.0 - 8 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds Physical properties of tape Width 0.5 Inches Length of reel 2,400 Feet Composition Oxide coated mylar Specifications cover the IBM 7330, 72911, IV, V, VI Tape Units. INPUT Medium Speed Remarks Cards 800 cards/min (Col. Binary or Hollerith) Paper Tape 500 chars/sec (5 to 8 channel, only 6 infor.) Magnetic Tape Communication Lines (All commercially avail.) OUTPUT Medium Speed Remarks Cards 250 cards/min (Hollerith or col. binary) Magnetic Tape Communication Lines (All commercially avail.) Typewriter 15 chars/sec Line Printer 600 lines/min (Carriage controlled) CHECKING FEATURES Fixed checking features include word parity for memory and input/output transfers. All input/output data has character parity with hole counts on cards. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES $1,882,700 depending on system configuration. $29,350 monthly rental, depending on system configuration. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Training made available by the manufacturer to the user includes instruction on programming systems. RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE Electronic elements for the system are tested, the completed system is tested under quality control procedures before shipment and the system is tested after installation and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Outstanding features include modularity to cover a wide range of applications and work load with complete compatibility. Growth upward to the IBM 7044 System. Wide range of memory sizes, instruction sets and I/0 equipment available. Instruction set and I/0 equipment identical with 7044. Member of the IBM 704-709-7090-7094 family.
BRL 1964, IBM 7044, starting page 0164 |
I B M 7044 MANUFACTURER International Business Machines Corporation Photo by IBM Corp., Data Processing Division APPLICATIONS General purpose data processing. Scientific computing Real time and multi-computer capabilities available. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary Binary digits/word 36 Binary digits/instruction 36 Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 120 Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point Floating point is available in single and double precision. Fixed point is standard equipment. Instruction type One address Number range Fixed point: 11 decimal digits/word Floating point: approx 10 ± 38 Instruction word format +-----------+-------+-------+---------+ | S,1 11 | 12 17 | 18 20 | 21 35 | +-----------+-------+-------+---------+ | Operation | Count | Tag | Address | +-----------+-------+-------+---------+ S = Sign bit position Automatic coding COBOL MACRO Assembly FORTRAN Registers and B-Boxes 3 Index Registers Instruction Register Accumulator MQ Register Storage Register Address Register Optional features include an interval timer, a memory protect device and extended performance characteristics.
BRL 1964, IBM 7044, starting page 0165 |
ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access Microsec Microsec Add 5 0.833 Mult 30 Div 50 Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Vacuum-Tubes 0 Transistors 6,042 ` Condenser-Diodes 17,206 Magnetic-Cores 1,212,416 in a 32,000 word storage unit Solid state components are used throughout. Arithmetic mode Parallel Timing Synchronous - Asynchronous (Combination for maximum performance.) Operation Sequential - Concurrent I/0 STORAGE No. of No. of Access Medium Words Characters Microsec Magnetic Core 32,768 1.25 Magnetic Disk File 28,000,000/ 17,000 to modules 200,000 Up to 10 modules of disk files are possible. Magnetic tape No. of units that can be connected 50 Units No. of chars/linear inch 800 Chars/inch Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches Tape speed 37.5 - 112.5 Inches/sec Transfer rate 7,500 - 90,000 Chars/sec Start time 4.5 - 20 Millisec Stop time 4.0 - 10 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds Physical properties of tape Width 0.5 Inches Length of reel 2,400 Feet Composition Oxide coated mylar Specifications cover IBM 7330's, 729 II, IV, V, VI Tape Units. INPUT Medium Speed Remarks Cards 800 cards/min (Hollerith or column bin.) Paper Tape 500 chars/sec (5, 6, 7, 8 channel tape 6 inform) Magnetic Tape Communication Lines (All commercially available) OUTPUT Medium Speed Remarks Cards 250 cards/min (Hollerith or column bin.) Magnetic Tape Communication Lines (All commercially available.) Typewriter 15 chars/sec Line Printer 600 lines/min CHECKING FEATURES There is word parity in internal storage. All I/0 devices are checked with a parity bit in each character. Dual gap tape heads, hole count checks on cards, and a cycle burst check on the disk file are included. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES $1,400,000, depending on system configuration. $21,850, depending on system configuration PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Training made available by the manufacturer to the user includes instruction on programming systems. RELIABILITY. OPERATING EXPERIENCE The electronic elements for system are tested, the completed system is tested under quality control procedures before shipment and the system is tested after installation and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Outstanding features include modularity to cover a wide range of applications and work loads with complete compatibility and an easy upward growth from an IBM 7040 system with expandability to an IBM 7090 or IBM 7094 System. Wide range of modular instruction sets, memory sizes and input/output equipment available. Instruction set and I/0 equipment identical with IBM 7040. A member of the IBM 704-709-7090-7094 family.
BRL 1964, IBM 7072, starting page 0166 |
IBM 7072 IBM 7072 Data Processing System MANUFACTURER International Business Machines Corporation Photo by IBM APPLICATIONS General purpose but primarily scientifically oriented. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Decimal Decimal digits/word 10 Decimal digits/instruction 10 Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 160 (with augmentation) Arithmetic system Floating & fixed point Instruction type One address (modified) Number range Fixed point: Up to 10 decimal digits Floating point: Exponent range of 100 Instruction word format +------+-------+----------+---------------+---------------+ | + | 1 | 2 3 | 4 5 | 6 9 | +------+-------+----------+---------------+---------------+ | Sign | OP | Index | FLD Def. | Address | | | Code | Register | Index Address | Register | | | | | Augmentation |Branch Address | +------+-------+----------+---------------+---------------+ Automatic built-in subroutines. A housekeeping automatic built-in subroutine upon entering interrupt, includes the store of instructions counter and condition latches. Registers and B-Boxes 3 Accumulators 1 Arithmetic Control Register 1 Auxiliary Control Register Up to 99 words of core storage can be used for indexing registers. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access Microsec Microsec Add 12 Mutt 40.2 (6x3) & (6/3) 28.2 digits Div 64.4 (6x3) & (6/3) 52.4 digits Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Transistors Arithmetic mode Parallel Timing Asynchronous Operation Concurrent STORAGE No. of No. of Access Medium Words Digits Microsec Magnetic Core 5,000 to 50,000 to 6 30,000 300,000 Magnetic Tape No. of units that can be connected 20 Units No. of chars/linear inch 556 Chars/inch Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches Tape speed 36 Inches/sec Transfer rate 20,000 Chars/sec Start time (write) 7.2 Millisec Stop time (write) 4.4 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds
BRL 1964, IBM 7072, starting page 0167 |
Photo by IBM Physical properties of tape Width 0.5 Inches Length of reel 2,400 Feet Composition Mylar backed INPUT Medium Speed Serial Card Reader 60 cards/min Magnetic Tape 7,000 chars/sec Magnetic Tape 20,000 chars/sec OUTPUT Medium Speed Typewriter 10 chars/sec Magnetic Tape 7,000 chars/sec Magnetic Tape 20,000 chars/sec CHECKING FEATURES The central processor has a fixed count two-out-of-five code, an input/output parity check and control checking features. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES $647,17u and up, depending on system configuration. $14,450 and up, depending on system configuration. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Training made available by the manufacturer to the user includes instruction on programming systems. RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE Electronic elements for the system are tested, the completed system is tested under quality control procedures before shipment and the system is tested after installation and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS There is complete program compatibility with the IBM 7070 and the IBM T074 Data Processing Systems. The computing speeds are 8-15 times faster than the IBM 7070 systems.
BRL 1964, IBM 7094 II, starting page 0168 |
IBM 7094 II MANUFACTURER International Business Machines Corporation Photo by IBM APPLICATIONS General purpose data processing Scientific computing Real time data processing Multi-computer network capabilities Tele-processing capabilities PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary Binary digits/word 36 Binary digits/instruction 36 Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 264 Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point Single and double precision standard floating point and standard fixed point. Instruction type One address Number range Fixed point 11 decimal digits/word Floating point 8 or 16 decimal digits in 10±38 Several formats are used: A typical format is: +-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+ | S, 1 11 | 12 13 | 14 17 | 18 20 | 21 35 | +-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+ | Operation | I/A | Count | Tag | Address | +-----------+-------+-------+-------+---------+
BRL 1964, IBM 7094 II, starting page 0169 |
Automatic coding. FORTRAN COBOL COMTRAN 9 PAC Registers and B-Boxes 7 Index Registers Instruction Counter Accumulator Instruction Register MQ Register Sense Indicator Register Storage Register Instruction Backup Register Address Register ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access Microsec Microsec Floating Fixed Floating Fixed Point Point Point Point Add 2 - 6 1.4 - 4.2 0.333 0.175 Mult 8 - 12 4.2 - 7.0 Div 14 - 18 8.4 - 11.2 Construction (Arithmetic unit only) All solid state components Arithmetic mode Parallel Timing Synchronous and Asynchronous Operation Sequential and Concurrent I/0 STORAGE No. of No. of Digits Access Medium Words Alphanumeric Microsec Magnetic Core 32,768 1.05 Magnetic Disk File 56,000,000 50,000 to chars/file 180,000 Drum Storage 1,118,400 8,600 chars/drum (average) Magnetic Tape No. of units that can be connected 80 Units No. of chars/linear inch 1,511 Chars/inch Channels or tracks on the tape 10 Track/tape Blank tape separating each record 0.45 Inches Tape speed 112.5 Inches/sec Transfer rate 170,000 Chars/sec Start time 3 Millisec Stop time 3 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 30 Seconds Physical properties of tape Width 1 Inch Length of reel 1,800 Feet Composition Oxide coated mylar Magnetic Tape information given applies to IBM 7340 Hypertape units. IBM 729 II, IV, V, VI tape units may also be used on IBM 7094 system. INPUT Medium Speed Remarks Cards (IBM 711) 250 cards/min Magnetic Tape (,IBM 729 & 7340) OUTPUT Medium Speed Cards (IBM 721) 100 cards/min Magnetic Tape (IBM 729 & 7340) Printer (IBM 716) 120 chars/line 150 lines/min CHECKING FEATURES Fixed checking features include cnaracter and record parity on tape. POWER, SPACE. WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Requirements vary widely, depending on system configuration. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Basic System: $3,018,000 and up depending on system configuration. Monthly rental: $69,550 and up depending on system configuration. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Training made available by the manufacturer to the user includes instruction on programming systems as required by the user. RELIABILITY. OPERATING EXPERIENCE Electronic elements for system are tested; completed system is tested under quality control procedures before shipment; system is tested after installation and periodically thereafter to assure maximum reliability. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Outstanding features include modularity which provides means to cover a wide range of applications and work load. System advantages include upward compatibility from IBM 704, 709, 7040, 7044 and 7090 and 7094 systems. Wide range of I/0 equipment, optional and special features available. Overlapped instruction execution. Broad packaged programmin support available. Strong user organization SHARE).
BRL 1964, ILLIAC II, starting page 0170 |
ILLIAC II MANUFACTURER University of Illinois Photo by the University of Illinois APPLICATIONS Scientific, general purpose computing. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary Binary digits/word 52 Binary digits/instruction 13 or 26 Instructions/word 2, 2-1/2, 3, 3-1/2 or 4 Instructions decoded 76 Arithmetic system Floating point Instruction type 1 or 2 address Number range 1 x 4±64 +------+-------+----------+----------------+----------+ | Bits | 7 | 4 | 2 | 13 | +------+-------+----------+----------------+----------+ | | Order | Modifier | Address | Address, | | | | | Interpretation | if used | +------+-------+----------+----------------+----------+
BRL 1964, ILLIAC II, starting page 0171 |
Automatic coding. ALGOL Assembler called NICAP Registers and B-Boxes 16 Modifiers (B boxes) 13 Accessible Temporary Storage and Arithmetic Registers ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access Microsec Microsec Add 2.5 2.5 (normally overlapped) Mult 6.6 6.6 (normally overlapped) Div 18 18 (normally overlapped) Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Transistors 25,000 (GF 45011) Diodes 60,000 (S577G) Arithmetic mode Parallel The Illiac II works problems four to six times faster than IBM 7090. Timing Asynchronous Operation Concurrent STORAGE No. of No. of Access Medium Words Bits/Words Microsec Core 4,096 53 0.6 (Access time) 1.6 (Cycle time) Core 4,096 53 1.8 (Cycle time) Drum 65,536 53 7.5 (Word time Disc 10,000,000 53 20 (Word time Magnetic Tape No. of units that can be connected 40 Units No. of chars/linear inch 800 Chars/inch Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches Tape speed 112.5 Inches/sec Physical properties of tape Width 0.5 Inches Length of reel 2,400 Feet Composition Mylar INPUT Medium Speed Paper Tape 1,000 chars/sec (8 level) IBM 1401 Computer 800 cards/min OUTPUT Medium Speed Paper Tape 110 chars/sec (8 level) IBM 1401 Computer 600 lines min 250 cards/min CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM Type Quantity Diodes 100,000 Transistors 45,000 Magnetic Cores 600,000 CHECKING FEATURES Interrupt features. Memory protection Power supply deviation checked. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Power, computer 50 Kw Volume, computer 1,900 cu ft Air conditioner 20 tons Site preparation requirements The system is bolted to both the floor and the ceiling. PRODUCTION RECORD Number produced to date 1 Number in current operation 1 COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Cost of system $4,000,000 PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Supervisors 4 Analysts 2 Programmers 10 Coders 1 Operators 2 Engineers 2 ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Outstanding features include a highly parallel structure, overlapped arithmetic, indexing, input output and core access. There are three separate controls: Advanced (Lookahead) Delayed (Arithmetic) Interplay (Input/Output on 32 time-shared channels) Unique system advantages. The systems' asynchronism serves as an aid to trouble-shooting. The complex structure makes program time the only meaningful measure of speed, e.g., a matrix multiplication inner loop requires 18 microsec sec using double precision. A Mersenne prime check on 211,191 - 1 is done in 45 minutes. The Digital Computer Laboratory of the University of Illinois completed the construction and testing of the central and high-speed parts. This high-speed portion is of particular interest in scientific research because its speed extends the range of problems which can be solved. One research problem in physics, considered to be representative of many, indicated that the new machine was about 100 times as fast as the University's earlier machine, the ILLIAC. Machine speed comparisons are at best approximate because in new machines the overlapping of some operations is of more advantage on some problems than on others and also because there are many ways in which the overlapping can be done. The new machine now requires auxiliary memories and connection to IBM input-output equipment in order to be of use to many research people. This work is now in progress. Some instruction times for the machine are: Addition (no normalization) 2.5 microsec Floating-point multiplication 6.6 microsec Average floating-point division 15.5 microsec Average index order 1.4 microsec Memory cycle 1.8 microsec Memory access 0.6 microsec These times do not include instruction or operand accessing times because the machine has a separate control, the purpose of which is to obtain operands and instructions for the arithmetic unit.
BRL 1964, ITT 525 VADE, starting page 0172 |
ITT 525 VADE Versatile Auto Data Exchange MANUFACTURER ITT Federal Laboratories Photo by the ITT Federal Laboratories APPLICATIONS The system is designed for on-line and real time applications, with many input lines, storage and forwarding switching center. A unique machine organization makes optimum use of high-speed circuits and high-speed memory to reduce cost while maintaining very high thruput. The system utilizes the stored logic concept. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary Binary digits/word 33 Binary digits/instruction 32 plus parity Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 64 maximum Arithmetic system Fixed point One's complement arithmetic is performed. Instruction type 3 One address Number range - (231 -1) to + (231 -1) +-------+-------+-----------+-------+---------+---------+ | 0 | 1 | 2 7 | 8 13 | 14 29 | 30 31 | +-------+-------+-----------+-------+---------+---------+ | Char. | Index | Senseable | Oper- | Word | Char. | | Mode | | Device | ation | Address | Address | +-------+-------+-----------+-------+---------+---------+ Automatic built-in subroutines. None Automatic coding A symbolic assembler is available. Registers and B-Boxes Accumulator Memory Buffer Memory Address Instruction Register Control Buffer Index Register Most instructions may be executed in word or character mode (4 characters per word) and most instructions are indexable. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access Microsec Microsec Add 6 0.5 Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Transistors 4,000 Arithmetic mode Parallel Timing Synchronous Operation Sequential Three memory accesses are utilized per operation. STORAGE No. of No. of Binary Access Words Digits/word Microsec Magnetic Core 32,000 33 0.75 Smaller storage units are available. Magnetic Tape No. of units that can be connected 8 Units No. of chars/linear inch 200 Chars/inch
BRL 1964, ITT 525 VADE, starting page 0173 |
Photo by ITT Federal Laboratories Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Tracks/tape Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches Tape speed 75 Inches/sec Transfer rate 15,000 Chars/sec Start time 3 Millisec Stop time 3 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds Physical properties of tape Width 0.5 Inches Length of reel 2,400 Feet Composition Plastic INPUT Medium Teletype (128) 60 to 100 words/min High Speed Data (32) 2,400 bits/sec Paper Tape 300 chars/sec OUTPUT Medium Teletype (128) 60 to 100 words/min High Speed Data (32) 2,400 bits/sec CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM Type Quantity Tubes 0 Diodes 36,000 Transistors 40,000 Magnetic Cores 1,000,000 The number of magnetic cores is for 32,000 words of 33 bits each. CHECKING FEATURES Parity is used on memory input lines. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Power, Computer 31 KW 0.85 pf Volume, computer 450 sq ft Area, computer 80 sq ft Room size 11 x 32 ft Floor loading 18 lbs/sq ft 250 lbs concen max Weight, computer 10,000 lbs Site preparation requirements The room air temperature must be maintained below 80oF. The room air conditioner must be capable of dissipating 150,000 BTU/HR above other requirements to handle the heat generated by a fully expanded VADE system. No false floor or other special site preparation requirements must be met. An air conditioner within the equipment is not required. The above dimensions are for a fully expanded system. PRODUCTION RECORD Number in current operation 1 Anticipated production rates 4 per year Time required for delivery 12 months Primarily a special purpose machine designed for high thruput store and forward switching centers both teletypes and data lines. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Outstanding features include the capability to handle large varieties of inputs, up to 256 lines, minimum cost per line, achieved through the use of lice internal processing speed, small size, and no special environmental requirements.
BRL 1964, ITT 7300 MOD II, starting page 0174 |
ITT 7300 MOD II Automatic Data Exchange (ADX) System Model II MANUFACTURER ITT Information Systems Division Photo by ITT Information Systems Division The hardware at left is an Automatic Send-Receive Device; hardware in center is the ITT 7301 MOD II Multiplex Message Processor; hardware on right is ITT 7321 Magnetic Tape Control Unit and the ITT 7320 Magnetic Tape Unit. The panel at the front of the ITT 7301 MOD II is used by the computer programmer and the panel in the center is used by the communications supervisor to provide status information. APPLICATIONS Applications include real-time message/data switching and information processing, command and control, management information, air traffic control, selfadaptive communications, process control and simulation. This description pertains to the ITT 7301 MOD II multiplex message processor as used in the ITT 7300 ADX System. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary Binary digits/word 18 Binary digits/instruction 18 Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 104 (expandable) Arithmetic system Fixed point Instruction type One address Number range +131,071 to -131,071 (Decimal Instruction word format +---------+----------+-----------+---------+--------+ | 5 Bits | 1 Bit | 12 Bits | 9 Bits | 9 Bits | +---------+----------+-----------+---------+--------+ | OP Code | Indirect | Address | OP Code | Count | +---------+----------+-----------+---------+--------+ +---------+----------+-----------+ | 5 Bits | 1 Bit | 12 Bits | +---------+----------+-----------+ | OP Code | Negation | Modifiers | +---------+----------+-----------+ Automatic built-in subroutines Read-in-mode (bootstrap) Parity Error Trap Priority Interrupt (multi-sequence) Automatic coding Relocatable macro-based assembler
BRL 1964, ITT 7300 MOD II, starting page 0175 |
Registers and B-Boxes Accumulator Digital Data Display Buffer In/Out Reg (LOPR) Multi-sequencing Control Memory Address Register Memory Buffer Program Counter Reader Buffer Instruction Register Punch Buffer Core Memory Keyboard Buffer Typewriter Buffers Printer Buffer There is a one bit parity on words in storage. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access Microsec Microsec Add 24 3 (concurrent w/storage access) Mult 390 Div 528 Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Transistors 180 germanium PNP Diodes 270 germanium Arithmetic mode Parallel Addition is concurrent with storage access. Multiplication and division is accomplished by sub routine using micro commands MUS and DIS. One's complement arithemetic is used. Timing Synchronous Operation Sequential on instruction, concurrent on Input/Output/Compute STORAGE No. of No of Access Medium Words Bin/Digits Microsec Magnetic Core 65,536 1,179,648 6 Magnetic Tape 5,337,600 96,076,800 192 Magnetic Drum 89,600 1,702,400 8,300 Magnetic Disc 1,572,864 29,884,436 25,000 Maximum core storage is given above. Capacity of tape is given for each reel. Magnetic Tape No. of units that can be connected 32 Units No. of chars/linear inch 556 Chars/inch Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Tracks/tape Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches Tape speed 75 Inches/sec Transfer rate 41,700 Chars/sec Start time 5 Millisec Stop time 5 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds Physical properties of tape Width 0.5 Inches Length of reel 2,400 Feet Composition Mylar Magnetic tape access time assumes access in the middle of the tape (2,200 ft) from one end. Backward read available. INPUT Medium Speed Teletypewriter Lines Console Teletypewriter Data Speed Lines 2,400 baud Paper Tape Reader 10 - 400 cycles/sec Card Reader 800 cards/min In addition, there are manual console switches, magnetic tape, magnetic drum, magnetic disc, dual transfer path between machines for dual systems, and inquiry sets. Any available codes may be used at any commercial speeds. OUTPUT Medium Speed Teletypewriter Lines Console Typewriter Typing speed Data Speed Lines to 2,400 baud Paper Tape Punch 10 cps - 400 cps Card Punch 250 cards/min High Speed Printer 600 - 1,000 lines/min In addition, there are console and peripheral indicator lights, magnetic tape, magnetic drum, magnetic disk, dual transfer path between machines for dual systems, digital data display (direct-view CRT and projection). Any available code may be used at any commercial speed. CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM Type Quantity Tubes 0 Diodes 22,209 Transistors 11,742 Magnetic Cores 1,245,184 (max) The cores are arranged in 19 arrays of 4,096 words each. CHECKING FEATURES Fixed checking features include memory parity and peripheral equipment status and error checks. Diagnostic routines are available as well as programmed message/data checking. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Power, cumputer 5.0 Kw Volume, computer 130 cu ft Area, computer 26 sq ft Room size 15 x 20 ft Floor loading 150 lbs/sq ft 3,000 lbs concen max Weight, computer 5,000 lbs Site preparation requirements False floor (or ducting) are required Air conditioning is required for 20,000 BTU/hr to maintain 60 - 80 F and 40% to 60% relative humidity. PRODUCTION RECORD Number produced to date 8 Number in current operation 6 Time required for delivery 9 months An average installation requires nine months to deliver hardware on-site, three months to cutover a completely operational real-time system. COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Maintenance provided either as part of rental, or separate contract, if sale. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour Shift Shifts Shifts Supervisors 1 2 3 Operators 1 2 3 Technicians 1 2 3 Training made available by the manufacturer to the users include a basic programing course, an advanced programming course, operator course, supervisor course, and and executive seminar in information processing.
BRL 1964, ITT 7300 MOD II, starting page 0176 |
Maintenance training is provided on a contract basis. RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE In order to improve reliability, diagnostic programs, modular "motherboard" construction, self-check programming techniques, and better than 900 average effectiveness level with a dual system with automatic switchover from active main-frame to standby mainframe, are provided. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Outstanding features include asynchronous Input Output/Compute, minimum of 256 external interrupts, interrupts assigned priorities, and multiple priority interrupts. Unique system advantages include external interrupts which "break into" processing, eliminating the need for time consuming scans, i.e., an on-demand system, designed for message/data and information processing use. Normal magnetic tape procedures may be followed for the handling of magnetic tape. Asynchronous operation of diverse input/output devices both remote, e.g., teletypewriter and inquiry sets, and local e.g., magnetic tape, disc, and drums as well as digital data display is possible in addition to the ability to handle diverse codes, speeds, formats from wide range of peripheral devices and/or computers. INSTALLATIONS U.S. Department of State (Paris) USAF Offutt AFB NASA, Huntsville, Alabama Aluminum Company of Canada American Cable and Radio Corporation Eastern Air Lines, New York City Standard Telephones and Cables Limited, London
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