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UNIVAC LARC

Universal Automatic Computer Model LARC MANUFACTURER Sperry Rand Corporation Remington Rand Univac Division Photo by Remington Rand Univac Division of Sperry Rand Corporation APPLICATIONS Manufacturer Univac LARC is designed for large-scale business data processing as well as scientific computing. This includes any problems requiring large amounts of input/output and extremely fast computing, such as data retrieval, linear programming, language translation, atomic codes, equipment design, largescale customer accounting and billing, etc. University of California Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Located at Livermore, California, system is used for the solution of differential equations. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Manufacturer Internal number systemBinary coded decimal Decimal digits/word 12 Decimal digits/instruction 12 Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 1 Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point Built-in double precision arithmetic both modes. Instruction type One address Number range 10^-50 < N < 10⁵⁰ 20 significant digits Instruction word format +-------------------+------------------+ | Computer | Processor | +-------------------+------------------+ | T,OP,AA,BB,MMMMM | OP,NNNNN,MMMMM | +-------------------+------------------+ OP = Op Code T = Tracing Digit AA = Fast Register BB = B-Box M = Operand Address N = Operand Address SAL Assembly System is available, an algebraic compiler, all I/0 Routines, and a sort-merge generator. The LARC can have up to 99 fast accumulating registers which are also used as "B"-Boxes. In addition, the Univac LARC has a built-in multi-level indirect addressing system. ARITHMETIC UNIT Manufacturer Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access Microsec Microsec Add 4 4 Mult 8 8 Div 28 28 Effective access time is zero, therefore, excluding and including access times are equal. Arithmetic mode Parallel Timing Synchronous Operation Sequential and concurrent STORAGE Manufacturer No. of No. of Access Media Words Digits Microsec Ferrite Core 97,500 1,170,000 4 Magnetic Drums (24) 6,000,000 72,000,000 68,000 Ferrite Cores 100 1,200 1 Magnetic Tape No. of units that can be connected 40 Units No. of chars/linear inch of tape 250 Chars/inch Channels or tracks on the tape 8 Tracks/tape Blank tape separating each record 1.2 or 2.4 Inches Tape speed 100 Inches/sec Transfer rate 25,000 Chars/sec Start time 3.5 Millisec Stop time 3.5 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 10-15 Seconds Physical properties of tape Width 0.5 Inches

BRL 1961, UNIVAC LARC, start page 0959

Photo by Lawrence Radiation Laboratory, University of California length of reel 2,400 Feet Composition Mylar or metallic UCRL No. ofAccess Media Words Dec/Digits Microsec Core 30,000 12 4 Drum 3,000,000 12 30/word Magnetic Tape 12 20 KC Core memory expandable to 97,500 words Drum memory expandable to 6 x 10⁶ words INPUT Manufacturer Media Speed Uniservo II 100 in/sec Uniservo 111 100 in/sec Adequate circuits are available to handle any other desired input/output devices. UCRL Magnetic Tape 20 Kc/sec 6 Tape Units expansible to 40 3 Tape units expansible to 4 Punch Paper Tape 10 char/sec Numeric input only OUTPUT Manufacturer Media Speed Uniservo II 100 in/sec Uniservo III 100 in/sec High Speed Printer 600 lines/min Charactron Film Recorder 15,000 char/sec Adequate circuits are available to handle any other desired input/output devices. UCRL Magnetic Tape (Uniservo II) 20 Kc Charactron 35 mm Film 15 Kc 15 Kc alphanumeric output 2 Kc plotting mode On Line Printer 600 lines/min 120 character output Console Printer 10 char/sec Alphanumeric output CHECKING FEATURES Manufacturer Automatic checking of all data transfers and all arithmetic operations.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC LARC, start page 0960

POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Manufacturer Power, computer 350 KVA Volume, computer 500 cu ft Approximate - for computer unit only Area, computer 65 sq ft For compiler unit only Room size 3,000 sq ft for system Capacity, air conditioner 70 Tons False flooring required for cold water piping. UCRL Power, computer 167 Kw 334 KVA 0.5 Pf Power, air conditioner 60 HP Compressor motor 15 HP Pump motor Volume, computer 33,480 cu ft Volume, motor generators 3,884 cu ft Volume, air conditioner 2,700 cu ft Area, computer 3,720 sq ft Area, motor generators 324 sq ft Area, air conditioner 225 sq ft Room size, computer 32 ft x 85 ft Room size, drum room 24 ft x 42 ft Room size, air conditioner 15 ft x 15 ft Floor loading 400 lbs/sq ft Capacity, air conditioner 60 tons, each 120 tons, total Weight, computer 115,000 lbs Weight, motor generators 18,000 lbs, total Two MG sets. One is a spare. Weight, air conditioner 2,000 lbs, total Two 60 ton units. One is a spare. Plenum ceiling for room air conditioning ducting. Concrete block building construction. The building has its own 12 KV to 440/208/120 volt substation. Substation has a transfer switch to pick up a spare transmission line. Also it has an oil disconnect switch, 750 KVA step down transformer - and a set of distribution breakers. PRODUCTION RECORD Manufacturer Number produced to date 1 Number in current operation 1 Number in current production 1 COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Manufacturer A typical basic system cost $6,000,000 or rents at $135,000/month. A basic system consists of: 1 Operator Control Console 2 Alphanumeric Console Printers 1 Engineer Control Console 2 Drum-Read Synchronizers 2 Tape Read-Write Synchronizers 1 Drum-Write Synchronizer 1 High-Speed Printer Synchronizer 1 Console Printer Synchronizer 1 Tape Position Checker Synchronizer 2 Numeric Keyboards 1 Computer 1 Processor 26 Multipurpose Fast Registers 8 Magnetic Core Storage Units (2,500 words each) 12 Magnetic Drum Storage units (250,000 words each) 4 Uniservo II Magnetic Tape Units 1 High-Speed Printer (on-line) Maintenance cost is included in monthly rental. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS UCRL Three 8-Hour Shifts Supervisors 2 Programmers 25 Engineers 18 In-Output Oper 4 Operation tends toward open shop. Programmers are trained by being given a short general programming course on-the-job training with experienced senior programmer. Maintenance engineers are given six months to one year training at Remington Rand, in Philadelphia, with LARC System during construction. A minimum of 18 Maintenance Engineers is necessary for 24 hour operation (7 day). This total includes engineers to maintain associated electronic equipment being used or designed.

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RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE, AND TIME AVAILABILITY UCRL Initial Test April 1960 Time is available for rent to qualified outside or- ganizations. Machine presently being installed at LRL, Livermore, California. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Manufacturer Outstanding features are ultra high computing speeds and the input-output control completely independent of computing. Due to the Univac LARC's unusual design features, it is possible to adapt any source of input/output to the Univac LARC. It combines the advantages of Solid State components, modular construction, overlapping operations, automatic error correction and a very fast and a very large memory system. UCRL Outstanding features include a two computer system (arithmetic, input- output processor); decimal fixed or floating point with provisions for double precision for double precision arithmetic; single bit error detection of information in transmission and arithmetic operation; and balanced ratio of high speed auxiliary storage with core storage. Unique system advantages include a two computer system, which allows versatility and flexibility for handling input-output equipment, and program interrupt on programmer contingency and machine error, which allows greater ease in programming. Tape will be housed in metal cabinets in an air conditioned room with proper humidity control. Magnetic Core Storage The core storage is divided into modular units each of which has a capacity of 2,500 words of 12 decimal digits. Four storage units are contained in a cabinet. The storage units may be added to a system in units of four up to a maximum of 39 units (10 cabinets; the equivalent of 97,500 words. Each cabinet has its own power supply, clock-pulse generator, and heat exchangers. Because of a logical limitation on the number of storage addresses available for assignment, one cabinet in a completely expanded storage system of ten cabinets would contain only three 2,500-word units. Each storage unit contains the switching, timing, and amplifying circuits that are required for independent operation. The division of the storage into independent units permits simultaneous reference to storage: by the Computer, for obtaining instructions and for transferring operands; and by the Processor, for transfers involved in carrying out its program and for transferring data to or from the auxiliary storage or input-output. It also permits off-line maintenance to be performed on a single unit while the others are operating. INSTALLATIONS University of California Lawrence Radiation Laboratory Box 808 Livermore, California

BRL 1961, UNIVAC SOLID STATE 80/90, start page 0962

UNIVAC SOLID STATE 80/90

Univac Solid State 80/90 MANUFACTURER Remington Rand Univac Division of Sperry Rand Corporation Photo by Remington Rand Univac APPLICATIONS Manufacturer System is designed as a general purpose data processing system for use in general accounting, inventory, billing, budget control, sales analysis, statistics, railroad accounting, and revenue accounting, as well as scientific computing. The Univac Solid-State Computer is a medium-priced data processing system for business use. The term "Solid-State" refers to the use of Ferractor amplifiers and transistors. The Solid- State consists of a central processor, a read-punch unit, a high- speed card reader and a highspeed printer. Automatic coding techniques simplify programming. The Solid-State system may be ordered with magnetic tape units for either the 90-column system or the 80-column system. U. S. A. Chemical Corps Biological Laboratories Located at Fort Detrick, Maryland, USS 90 system is used for mathematical and statistical applications in matrix solution, linear regression, probit regression, analysis of variance, differential equations, numerical integration, function evaluation, etc. It is also used for comptroller functions, e.g. civilian payroll and leave, labor and material distribution, expenditure order statements, and overhead distribution. Armed Services Technical Information Agency Located at Arlington Hall Station, Arlington 12, Virginia, the USS 90 System is used in conjunction with the control of research and development documentation. Applications involved pertain to, request validation; inventory control and statistics; production control; document accountability; cumulative indexing of the ASTIA Technical Abstract Bulletin; and preparation of miscellaneous publications. Champlin 011 and Refining Company Located at Enid, Oklahoma, USS 80 System is used for accounting and data processing, e.g. detail ledger, payroll, gas measurement, sales analysis, and statistical reports. It is also used in technical applications, e.g. refinery materials balances, inventories, cost allocations, mass spectrometer analysis, etc. Cook Technological Center, Division of Cook Electric Company Located at 6401 W. Oakton St., Morton Grove, Illinois, the USS 90 is used for inventory control, ,job cost- ing, payroll, trajectory studies, statistical analy- ses; operational systems studies, optical ray traces, radiation analysis, and probability theoretical anal- ysis. Douglas Aircraft Company Located at Charlotte, North Carolina, the system is used for general accounting, labor distribution, cost and expense ledgers, material, and payroll. Mason & Hanger-Silas Masor Co., Inc. Located at Burlington, Iowa, USS 90 is used for payroll and all related reports, labor cost distribution, material cost distribution, inventory control and purchase requisitions, production reporting for A.E.C. activities, personnel reporting, document control, and production inventories. Shell Development Company Located at 3747 Bellaire Blvd., Houston, Texas, USS 80 is used for scientific calculations in reservoir engineering and mechanical engineering.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC SOLID STATE 80/90, start page 0963

Photo by Remington Rand Univac PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Manufacturer Internal number system Biquinary coded decimal Decimal digits/word 10 plus sign Decimal digits/instruction 10 (sign not used) Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 53 Arithmetic system Fixed point Instruction type One and a half address One address is the operand - the half address refers to the address of next instruction to be executed. Next instruction is the (c) portion of the instruction. Number range -9999999999 to +9999999999 Instruction word format +-------------+---------------+---------------+ | Instruction | (m) Address | (c) Address | | Code | | | +------+------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ | | | | | | | | | | | +------+------+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+---+ (m) Address is address of operand (c)Address is the address of the next instruction to be executed A sizable number of precoded routines are supplied to Solid Stated .Computer users. Approximate 58 routines available for 80 column tape system, and 62 available for 90 column tape system. Automatic coding includes an X-6 assembly available for card and tape system. Registers and B-boxes 3 - 10 digit arithmetic registers are included in the design. 3 - index registers (4 digits each) are optionally available. ARITHMETIC UNIT Manufacturer Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access Microsec Microsec Add 1,36o 85 Mult 1,275 Div 1,275 Multiply time calculation - 5 word time plus no. of multiplier digits plus sum of these di its (min. 119 microseconds max. 1,785 microseconds.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC SOLID STATE 80/90, start page 0964

Central Processor and High-Speed Reader Photo by Mason & Hanger-Silas Mason & Co., Inc. Divide time - 5 word time plus 2 times number of digits in quotient plus the sum of the odd digit positions in the quotient plus the sum of the tens complement of the even digit-positions in the quotient. 425 microseconds min., 1955 microsec. max. Average access time is used in above table. Operands and results are assumed stored in high speed access portion of the drum. Word time is 17 micro seconds. Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Vacuum tubes 20 Transistors 700 Condenser-Diodes 23,000 Magnetic Amplifiers (Ferractors) 3,000 Arithmetic mode Serial by digit Parallel by bit Timing Synchronous Operation Concurrent The "Including Storage Access" add, multiply, and divide times include the time necessary for accessing the two operands and the result address. STORAGE Manufacturer No. of No. of Access Media Words Digits Microsec Drum 4,000 40,000 1,700 (avg Drum 1,000 10,000 425 (avg) Drum Mass Memory 2,304,000 over 24,000,000 385 (per unit)plus signs incl signs Up to 10 drum units are possible. Magnetic Tape No. of units that can be connected 10 Units No. of chars/linear inch of tape 250 Char/inch Channels or tracks (8 incl sprocket) 7 Tracks/tape Blank tape separating each record 1.05 Inches Tape speed 100 Inches/sec Transfer rate 25,000 Char/sec Start time 12 Millisec Stop time 9 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 30 Seconds

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Photo by Armed Services Technical Information Agency Physical properties of tape Width 0.5015+0.0000-0.0030 Inches Length of reel 2,500 Feet (Recording surface) Composition Mylar All users have the 5,000 word drum. Standardized system comparison for formula [ (A+B).C 1/D -> Memory requires 1.19 milliseconds. INPUT Manufacturer Media Speed high Speed Card Reader 450 cards/min Read-Punch Card Unit 150 cards/min Magnetic Tape 100 inches/sec No plugboard is used. 80 or 90 column card units are available. Tape densities and formats are com- patible with other Univac tape systems. USA CCBL Read Punch Unit 150 cards/min High Speed Reader450 cards/min ASTIR Punched Cards (90 col.)450 cards/min Punched Cards 150 cards/min Punch unit also has capability to read as well as punch. Champlin Media Speed Punched Cards (80 col.)450 cards/min Cook High Speed Reader450 cards/min (90 col/card) Read-Punch Unit 150 cards/min (90 col/card) Douglas Read-Punch 150 cards/min Mason Read-Punch Unit 150 cards/min High Speed Reader 450 cards/min Above units are buffered to the system and can be utilized singularly or together. Shell Cards (80 column) 450 cards/min OUTPUT Manufacturer Media Speed Read-Punch Card Unit 150 cards/min Magnetic Tape 100 inches/sec High Speed Printer 600 lines/min Card Punching Printer 150 cards/min Printer prints 130 char/line. Card Punching Printer prints on both sides of Tab Card - a maximum of 13 lines on a side. Instantaneous printing rate is 900

BRL 1961, UNIVAC SOLID STATE 80/90, start page 0966

High Speed Printer Photo by Mason & Hangar - Silas Mason Co., Inc. lines/minute. USA CCBL Media Speed Read Punch Unit 150 cards/min High Speed Printer 600 lines/min ASTIA Punched Cards (90 col.)150 cards/min Printer 600 lines/min Punch unit also has capability to read as well as punch. Champlin Printer 600 lines/min Punched Cards (80 col.)150 lines/min Cook Read-Punch Unit 150 cards/min (90 col/card) High Speed Printer600 lines/min (130 dig/line) Douglas Printer 600 lines/min Mason High Speed Printer 600 lines/min Read-Punch Unit 150 cards/min Above units can be used singularly or together. Utilization of punch with printer will slow speed considerable, dependent on punching requirements. 130 sectors of printing. Shell Media Speed Cards 150 cards/min Line Printer 600 lines/min 80 column cards are used. CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM Manufacturer Type Quantity Tubes 20 Processor - Read-Punch - Reader 144 Printer 22 Synchronizer 29 Servo --- 215 Diodes 23,000 Processor 550 Read-Punch 545 Reader 500 Printer 11,900 Synchronizer 10 Servo ------ 36,505

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Read-Punch Unit Photo by Mason & Hangar - Silas Mason Co., Inc. Type Quantity Transistors 700 Processor 12 Read-Puncb 37 Reader 2 Printer 168 Synchronizer - Servo ---- 919 CHECKING FEATURES Manufacturer Odd parity, overflow, complete tape read checks. Two read stations in card equipment. Logical checks in central processor and printer. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION Manufacturer Power, computer 48.2 KVA 0.8 pf Area, computer 925 sq ft Capacity, air condition 11.8 Tons Weight, computer system 12,027 lbs, total, incl 2 magnetic tape units Cable duct work is supplied with computer, if de- sired. No special flooring is required. Power includes printer, punch, reader and 10 servos.

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USA CCBL Power, computer 13.52 Kw 16.9 KVA 0.8 pf Power, air condition33 Kw 33 KVA 1 pf Volume, computer 297 cu ft Volume, air conditioner 80 cu ft Area, computer 576 sq ft Area, air conditioner 18 sq ft Room size 28 ft x 17 ft Capacity, air conditioner 5 Tons Weight, computer 7,237 lbs Weight, air conditioner1,000 lbs Installation of 5 ton air conditioner. Power line from transformer in basement to computer room. Air conditioner is in addition to building air condition er. ASTIA Power, computer 16 Kw 14.4 KVA Vole, computer 3,180 cu ft Area, computer 530 sq ft Room size 1,060 sq ft Floor loading 118.4 lbs/sq ft 473.6 lbs concen max Weight, computer 7,237 lbs Building - Temporary government structure. Floor - Raised in area where data processing equipment is located. Walls - Partitioned with glass panels for equipment viewing. Champlin Power, computer 15 KVA Volume, computer8,400 cu ft Volume, air conditioner 60 cu ft Area, computer 84o sq ft Area, air conditioner 20 sq ft Room size 30 ft x 28 ft Capacity, air conditioner 5 Ton Weight, computer 8,000 lbs Weight, air conditioner 500 lbs 30 x 28 ft room prepared by combining three separate rooms. Space provider also includes space required for four tape units and tape synchronizer to be in stalled later. Cook Power, computer 12 Kw 15 KVA 0.8 pf Vole, computer 340 cu ft Area, computer 275 sq ft Room size 575 sq ft Floor loading 24 lbs/sq ft 3,064 lbs concen max Weight, computer 6,500 lbs No special site preparation requirements. Douglas Power, computer 15 KVA Power, air conditioner 7.5 KVA Volume, computer 600 cu ft Volume, air conditioner 60 cu ft Area, computer 120 sq ft Area, air conditioner 10 sq ft Room size, computer 30 ft x 20 ft Room size, air conditioner 6 ft x 6 ft Floor loading 150 lbs/sq ft 3,500 lbs concen max Capacity, air conditioner 5 Tons Weight, computer 6,200 lbs Weight, air conditioner 900 lbs Six inch raised false floor to provide for power cables. Exhaust-diffusers installed in ceiling for heat dissipation(air conditioning. Power is single phase, 3-wire, 240 volt system. Mason Power, computer16.32 Kw 14.4 KVA 0.85 Pf Power, air condition 11 Kw 0.8_5 Pf Volume, computer 296.9 cu ft Vole, air conditioner 120 cu ft Area, computer 58.1 sq ft Area, air conditioner 15 sq ft Room size, computer 530 sq ft Room size, air conditioner20 sq ft Floor loading 124.5 lbs/sq ft 147.1 lbs concen max Capacity, air conditioner10 Tons Weight, computer 7,237 lbs Weight, air conditioner1,985 lbs No site preparations required except to electrical distribution. Building is brick construction with concrete and asphalt flooring. Two single phase 210 volt regulators were installed for power require ment control. Shell Power, computer 14.5 KVA Volume, computer 318 cu ft Area, computer 62 sq ft Room size 20 ft x 25 ft Weight, computer 6,425 lbs Single phase, 220 volt, 70 ampere, 60 cycle, AC power. PRODUCTION RECORD Manufacturer Number in current operation 190 Number on order 300 Time required for delivery 12 months COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Manufacturer Monthly Cost Rental Card System 80 or 90 Column 1 Central Processor $234,215 $4,685 1 Read-Punch Unit 48,650 975 1 Card Reader 15,290 305 1 Printer on-line 49,345 985 Basic Type -Card System (80 or 90 Col.) 1 Central Processor (w/3 Index Reg) $241,715 $4,835 1 Magnetic Tape Synchronizer 50,000 1,000 2 Magnetic Tape Unit (ea 20,000450) 40,000 900 1 Read-Punch Unit 48,650 975 1 Card-Reader 15,290 305 1 Printer on-line 49,345 985 Additional Equipment Card System 3 Index Registers $ 7,500 $ 150 1 Printer Off-Line 195,000 3,500 Tape-Card System 1 Card Punching Printer 125,000 2,700 1 Printer Off-Line 195,000 3,500 Up to max. 10 tape units at 20,000450 each. A service cintract is available. USA CCBL Central processor cost $234,587.87. Read Punch Unit, High Speed Reader, High Speed Printer rents for $2,265/monthly. Maintenance service contracting is $13,0001year.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC SOLID STATE 80/90, start page 0969

ASTIR Rental rates for basic system Monthly Rental Type 7909$4,835 Type 7904305 Type 7910975 Type 7901985 Rental rates for additional equipment Tape Synchronizer $1,000 Randex Drum Unit 1,500 Randex Control Unit 2,000 Tape Uniservo 450 each Unityper30 each Champlin Central processor, reader, read-punch, and printer make up basic system. Sales price $347,000. Tape Synchronizer - 4 tape units - price not available (not now installed) The above system rents for $7,100 per month. Tape equipment rents for $2,900 per month. Service on all equipment is included in above rental rates. Cook The 7900 Series Central Processor, High-Speed Reader, High- Speed Printer, and Read-Punch Unit cost $450,000 and rents at $6,900/month. The Sorter, Verifier, Collator, Interpreter, and Key punch cost $15,000 and rents at $400/month. Douglas Rental rate for processor, card read-punch, and printer is $8,000/month. Maintenance service contracting is included in rental. Mason Rental rates for additional equipment 2 Electronic Collators $ 125 1 Reproducing Collator 170 2 Alpha-punches 55 1 Verifier6o 1 Interpreter 105 1 420 Electronic Sorter 85 1 421 Electronic Sorter 100 Shell Central processor, high speed printer, high speed reader, and read punch unit rents for $7,100/month. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Manufacturer One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour Shift Shifts Shifts Supervisors 2 2 3 Analysts A supervisory function Program-Coders 5 5 5 Clerks 3 3 3 Librarians 1 1 1 Operators 2 4 6 Engineers 1 1 1 Technicians 1 2 3 Programming course supplied on regional basis. USA CCBL One 8-Hour Shift Used Recommended Supervisors 4 Programmers 5 8 Operators 3 3 Technicians 1 1 Methods of training used includes formal courses in machine operation and programming and on-the-job training. ASTIR one 8-Hour shift Supervisors 2 Analysts 1 Programmers 3 Librarians 1 operators 1 In-output Oper 1 Operation tends toward closed shop. Programming course conducted by contractor followed up with on-the-,job training. Champlin One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Shift Shifts Used Recomm Used Recomm Supervisors 1 1 2 2 Analysts 2 2 4 4 Programmers 4 4 8 8 Operators 1 1 2 2 In-Output Oper 1 1 2 2 Operation tends toward open shop. All personnel directly and indirectly connected with programming and operation attended four week machine logic training course conducted by Remington Rand Training Department. Cook One 8-Hour Shift Used Recommended Supervisors 2 2 Programmers 5 5 Operators 2 2 Engineers 2 2 Operation tends toward open shop. Schooling provided by Remington Rand both in Chicago and at Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. Douglas one 8-Hour shift Supervisors 1 Analysts 1 Programers 1 Operators 1 Operation tends toward open shop. Two week course followed by on-the-,job training. Mason one 8-Hour shift Supervisors 1 Programmers 1 Coders 1 Clerks 3 Operators 3 In-output Oper 3 Operation tends toward open shop. Methods of training used are customer training and seminar schools and on-the-job training. Shell One 8-Hour Shift Supervisors 1 Programmers 3 Clerks 1 Operators 1 Engineers 1 Operation tends toward open shop. Methods of training used includes formal lectures and on-the-job training. RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE, AND TIME AVAILABILITY Manufacturer A preventive maintenance check is made by service engineer at start of each working day.

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USA CCBL Time is available for rent to qualified outside organizations. System is presently being used one full shift plus four hours overtime per day. ASTIR Good time 30 Hours/Week (Average) Above figure based on period 15 Feb 60 to 31 May 60 Passed Customer Acceptance Test 13 Feb 60 Time is not available for rent to outside organizations. Champlin Time is not available for rent to outside organizations. Computer installed 11 March 1960. Cook Good time 35 Hours/Week (Average) Attempted to run time 40 Hours/Week (Average) Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.875 Above figures based on period 1 Jun 60 to 31 Jul 60 Passed Customer Acceptance Test 31 Dee 59 Time is available for rent to qualified outside organizations. Douglas Average error-free running period 1 Week Good time 40 Hours/Week Average Attempted to run time 40 Hours/Week (Average) Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.97 Above figures based on period from Jun 60 to Sep 60 Passed Customer Acceptance Test Jun 60 Time is available for rent to outside organizations. Mason Time is not available for rent to outside organizations. Computer was accepted three months ago. Reliability in past two months has been better than 90%. Shell Time is not available for rent to outside organizations. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Manufacturer Outstanding features are simultaneous operations, namely, card reading, card punching, printing, tape read or write, compute. All input-output units are buffered. Card punching printer provides the ability to punch a card and print on both sides of the same card. Punching is verified. ASTIR Outstanding features include an extremely low heat output and operates at maximum 100OF and a minimum of 600E Unique system advantages are extreme versatility basic punched card input-output is small scale system, yet addition of drives and random access storage will place it in medium scale category, and bitby-bit logic permitted simple solution to problem of representing same 240 need-to-how categories plus user code, security clearance, VIA code and user category in one punch card for each user-contract combination. Mason Outstanding features include flexibility over conventional printers, reliability and no plug boards: programs are loaded directly on the drum. Unique system advantages include reduction operator processing, enabling printing of reports and punching of summary cards simultaneously, and tightening of control in hands of supervision. Card storage racks are in a large walk-in vault, the bell system replaced the sprinkler system, and temperature and humidity are controlled by air-conditioning. Subject installation was added to replace a UNIVAC 120 System which required a number of additional tabulating equipment for support. The new system enabled a considerable reduction in supporting equipment and personnel while allowing greater control and flexibility of operations. Process of changing existing procedures over to new system is about completed. FUTURE PLANS USA CCBL Purchase or rental of Index Registers and Magnetic Tape Units is planned. ASTIR The addition of tape equipment and randex units are planned. The addition of these units will provide the capability to add the following applications: Information search and retrieval Document Identification Document Destruction Control Bibliography Compilation and Print Out. Mason Maintenance scheduling and control procedures are being discussed and formulated for application on the new system. Engineering problems are in the programming stage to enable the production of punched tape to be used in conjunction with numerical control tape operated production machines. Shell Anticipate addition of magnetic tapes, i.e. a tape synchronizer and 2 to 5 tape units. Kaiser Steel Corporation anticipates installation of UNIVAC Solid State 80 System. INSTALLATIONS U. S. Army Chemical Corps Biological laboratories Fort Detrick, Maryland Armed Services Technical Information Agency Arlington Hall Station Arlington 12, Virginia Champlin Oil and Refining Company P. 0. Box 552 Enid, Oklahoma Cook Technological Center Division of Cook Electric Company 6401 West Oakton Street Morton Grove, Illinois

BRL 1961, UNIVAC SOLID STATE 80/90, start page 0971

Douglas Aircraft Company 3000 Ocean Park Blvd. Santa Monica, California Mason and Hanger-Silas Mason Co., Inc. Box 561, Iowa Ordnance Plant Burlington, Iowa Chase Manhattan Bank (SS 80) 57 William Street, Room 200 New York, N. Purdue University (SS 80) Computing Laboratory ENAD W. Lafayette, Indiana Shell Development Company E and P Research, Computing Section 3747 Bellaire Blvd. Houston, Texas North Carolina State College Raleigh, North Carolina (SS 80 Proposed) Southern Methodist University (SS 90) Dallas 22, Texas ADDITIONAL REMARKS Air Conditioning Weights (Shipping) Lbs Heat Dissipation (Approx. Tons) Card Reader 815 3,396 BTU/hr .27 Card Punch 80 Col. 1,120 3,396 BTU/hr .27 Card Punch 90 Col. 1,420 3,780 BTU/hr .32 Printer 1,720 11,910 BTU/hr 1.0 Processor 3,760 27,660 BTU/hr 2.3 Tape Synchronizer 2,980 13,020 BTU/hr 1.1 Tape Unit (each) 758 8,160 BTU/hr .68 Random Drum Units and Card Punching Printer are also available.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC STEP, start page 0972

UNIVAC STEP

Univac Solid State STEP Card and STEP Tape Systems MANUFACTURER Remington Rand Univac Division Sperry Rand Corporation Photo by Sperry Rand Corporation APPLICATIONS General purpose data processing system designed for general accounting, inventory, billing, budget control, sales analysis, and statistics, as well as scientific applications. The Univac Solid State STEP System (Simple Transitio Electronic Processing) is a modular version of the Solid State 80 and 90 System. STEP offers speed, accuracy, and economy of the Univac Solid State Com- puter to the user not requiring the full capabilities of the larger system. STEP is available to either the 80 or 90 column card user. Magnetic tapes, Ran- dex Drum Unit and card punching printer are also available. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary coded decimal Decimal digits/word 10 plus sign Decimal digits/instruction 10 (sign pos. not used) Instructions/word 1 Instructions decoded 53 Arithmetic system Fixed point Add, subtract, multiply,and divide Instruction type One and one-half address One address refers to the operand or (m) portion of the instruction word.The half address refers to the address of the next instruction to be executed. Next instruction address is given in the (c) portion of the instruction word. Number range -9999999999 to 1-9999999999 Instruction word format +----------+-------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | | | | | | | | | | | +----------+-------+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+ | Instruction Code | m | c | +----------+-------+-----------+-----------+ (m) address is address of operand (c) address is address of the next instruction to be executed

BRL 1961, UNIVAC STEP, start page 0973

A basic package of input-output and test routines are supplied to all STEP users. None are built in. Automatic coding X-6 Assembly System Registers and B-boxes Three 10 digit arithmetic registers are included in all models. Three index registers (4 digits each) are available on all STEP Tape Systems and are optional on the STEP Card Systems. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access Microsec Microsec Add 1,360 85 Mult 1,275 plus Average access time was used, also assumed operands and results were stored in high speed access portion of drum. Div 1,275 plus Access time includes accessing 2 operands and result address. Calculation of multiply time in word times is the sum of 3 factors. Five word times, plus the number of multiplier digits, plus the sum of the multiplier digits - Min. time 119 microseconds. Maximum time 1,785 microseconds. Divide time expressed in word times is calculated as follows: five word times, plus twice the number of digits in the quotient, plus the sum of the odd digit positions in the quotient, plus the sum of the tens complement of the even digit - positions in the quotient. Minimum time 425 microseconds. Maximum time 1,955 microseconds. Construction (Arithmetic unit only) Vacuum-tubes 20 Transistors 700 Condenser-diodes 23,000 Ferractors 3,000 (Magnetic Amplifiers) Arithmetic mode Serial by digit, parallel by bit Word time is 17 microseconds. Timing Synchronous Operation Concurrent STORAGE No. of Access Media No. of Words Digits Microsec Drum (Fast Memory) 2,400 Basic 24,000 1,700 Additional fast memory can be specified in incre- ments of 4,000 digits up to a maximum of 16,000 digits. Maximum fast memory available on one processor is 40,000 digits. Drum (High Speed Memory) 425 First 2,000 digits (200 words) of high speed memory is a prerequisite to additional high speed memory and/or additional fast memory. Additional high speed memory can be specified in increments of 2,000 digits up to a maximum of 8,000 digits. Maximum high speed memory of any one processor is 10,000 digits. Drum Mass 2,304,000(min) 24,000,000 385,000 Memory incl. signs (Randex Drum) 23,040,000(max) 240,000,000 (Avg) optionalincl. signs Magnetic Tape No. of units that can be connected 10 Units No. of char/linear inch of tape 250 Char/inch Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Tracks/tape Blank tape separating each record 1.05 Inches Tape speed 100 Inches/sec Transfer rate 25,000 Char/sec Start time 72 Millisec Stop time 9 Millisec Average time for experienced operator to change reel of tape 30 Seconds , Physical properties of tape Width (+.000 -.003) 0.5015 Inches Length of reel 2,500 Feet Composition Mylar INPUT Media Speed High Speed Card Reader 450 cards/min Read-Punch Card Unit 150 cards/min Magnetic Tape 100 in/sec 25,000 pulses/sec Tape densities and formats are compatible with other Univac tape systems. 80 or 90 column cards may be used (no plug-bcards). OUTPUT Media Speed Read-Punch Card Unit 150 cards/min Magnetic Tape 100 in/sec 25,000 pulses/sec High Speed Printer 600 lines/min 130 char/line possible Card Punching Printer 150 cards/min Card Punching Printer prints on both sides of tab card. A maximum of 13 lines on a side. Instantaneous printing rate is 400 lines/min. (Optionally available on either the 80 col. card or 80 col. tape systems. Not available on 90 col. systems). CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM Type Quantity Use Tubes 20 Processor -- Read-Punch Unit -- Card Reader 144 H. S. Printer 22 Synchronizer 29 Servo Unit --- Total 215 Diodes 23,000 Processor 550 Read-Punch Unit 545 Card Reader 500 H. S. Printer 11,900 Synchronizer 10 Servo Unit ------ Total 36,505 Transistors 700 Processor 12 Read-Punch Unit 37 Card Reader 2 H. S. Printer 168 Synchronizer --- Servo Unit Total 919 CHECKING FEATURES Odd parity, arithmetic overflow, complete magnetic tape. Checks - card equipment has 2 read stations; punch unit has a post read station for checking card punching. Central processor and printer design include logical checks.

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COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Monthly Cost Rental Sale Price of basic STEP Card System (80 or 90 col.) $175,000 $3,500 Price includes - Central Processor (24,000 digits of fast memory) High Speed Card Reader 450 cards/min. Read-Punch Unit 150 cards/min. High Speed Printer 600 lines/min. w/a 100 printing positions Registers A, X. L. Sale Price of basic STEP Tape System (80 or 90 col.) Basic units listed above plus the following - $175,000 $3,500 Tape Synchronizer 8 50,000 1,000 Uniservo II Tape Units (maximum 10) each 20,000 450 Index Registers (3) 7,500 150 Sale Price of Additional Equipment Multiply and Divide Feature 20,000 40o Pre and Post Reading Station on Punch Unit and Stacker Select on Card 15,000 300 Reader and Punch Additional Print Positions for High Speed Printer 30 Additional Print Positions 2,500 50 Available in increments of 20 positions 1,500 30 Available in increments of 10 positions 1,000 20 600 cards/min. speed for Card Reader 10,000 200 Index Registers (3) Card System option 7,500 150 Additional Memory First 2,000 digits of High Speed Memory 22,500 450 Each additional increment of High Speed Memory (2,000 digits) 15,625 312-50 (maximum 10,000 digits per system) Each additional increment of Fast Memory (4,000 digits) 12,000 250 (maximum 40,000 digits per system) First 2,000 digits of High Speed Memory is a prerequisite to additional High Speed Memory and/or additional Fast Memory. Randex Includes: Randex Drum Unit (24 million digits) $166,850 $3,550 Power Control Unit Additional Randex Drum Units (24 million digits)each 89,300 1,900 This price is for each additional drum unit up to a total of 4 (96 million digits). Prices on units in excess of 4 up to a total of 9 will be quoted on request. Synchronizer 50,000 1,000 Randex requires a synchronizer. When specified with a tape system, Randex will be under the control of the tape synchronizer. No additional synchronizer is required. When Randex is specified for use with a card system, a synchronizer must be included. Card-Punching Printer 125,000 2,700 An on-line card punching printer is available for 80 column systems. Maintenance included in rental contract. Service contract available to STEP System purchasers. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE. PREPARATION Power, computer (card system) 16.9 KVA 0.8 pf (Reader, punch, printer and processor) Power, computer (tape system) Add 7.0 KVA for synchronizer and first tape unit Add 2.5 KVA for each additional tape unit Volume, processor 144 cu ft Volume, reader 24 cu ft Volume, punch 36 cu ft Volume, printer 64 cu ft Area, processor 24 sq ft Area, reader 6 sq ft Area, punch 6 sq ft Area, printer 16 sq ft Floor loading, processor 146.8 lbs/sq ft reader 91.8 lbs/sq ft punch 134.0 lbs/sq ft printer 96.5 lbs/sq ft Common base available for processor. Capacity, air conditioner 5 Tons Tonnage required to compensate for machine heat only. Weight, computer 7,162 lbs Cable duct work is supplied with computer, if de- sired. No special flooring required. PRODUCTION RECORD Number produced to date 200 Number in current operation 175 Time required for delivery 9 months

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PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Personnel requirements depend upon the operation and application involved - whether it is one large volume application or several small ones, etc. Programming course supplied on a regional basis. RELIABILITY. OPERATING EXPERIENCE. AND TIME AVAILABILITY A preventive maintenance check is made by a service engineer at the start of each working day. ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Outstanding features are modular design. All inputoutput units are buffered, including Randex availability of card punching printer. Instruction List and Programming Aids Instruction Format The Univac Solid-State Computer employs a one and one- half address instruction code system, with one instruction per processor word. Each instruction word is written in ten decimal digits and consists of an operation code, the address of the operand, and the address of the next instruction. The leftmost digit position is considered the most significant digit (MSD) and the rightmost digit position is considered the least significant digit (LSD). The leftmost two digits are the operation code (OC), which tells the processor the arithmetic or logical operation to execute. The next four digits, the m portion, supply the address of the operand, which is usually the address of a word in storage. The remaining four digits, termed the c address, are the location of the next instruction. The m and c addresses may have different significance for some special instructions, as noted in the instruction definitions. Instruction Cycle The instruction cycle - the steps the processor takes in executing a command - usually occurs in four phases. (In a few instructions, there is no search for the operand.) The duration of a phase is measured in units called word times. A word time is that interval in which the drum revolves one word under the read-write heads - in the Univac SolidState Computer, 0-017 milliseconds. The four,phases are: (1) Staticize the Instruction: The instruction located by the previous search is transferred from the drum location to the static register (o eration code only) and register C (the entire word. This step requires one word time. (2) Search for the Operand: If the m address part of the instruction does not refer to a drum storage location or a register, this step is ignored and no time is required. If it does refer to a drum location, the address of the next available storage location on the drum is compared with the first address part of the contents of register C every word time until a match is obtained. Register C contains the entire instruction. This step requires a minimum of one word time and a maximum of 200 word times. (3) Execute the Instruction: The operation indicated in the instruction is performed. The time required for this phase depends upon the type of operation to be performed. (4) Search for the Next Instruction: The address of the next available storage location on the drum is compared with the second address part of the contents of register C until a match is obtained. This step requires a minimum of one word time and a possible maximum of 200 word times.

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UNIVAC I

Universal Automatic Computer Model I MANUFACTURER Remington Rand Univac Division of Sperry Rand Corporation Photo by Franklin Life Insurance Company APPLICATIONS Manufacturer General purpose large scale digital computing. Army Map Service Located in Erskine Hall, Army Map Service, the system is used for Geodesy photogrammetry, and mapping computations, including, e.g. special map projections and coordinate systems, least square adjustments of triangulation, traverse computation and adjustment, transformation of rectangular and geographic coordinates, analytic adjustment of aerial photographic strips and blocks, satellite orbit computations, geodetic and mathematical tables, and star occultation computations. U. S. Navy David Taylor Model Basin Located at the David Taylor Model Basin, Carderock, Md., the system is used for the solution of naval engineering problems, solution of naval logistics problems, and for financial management analysis. Air University, Maxwell AFB, Alabama Located at Montgomery, Alabama, the system is used for data processing of all educational record keeping involved in administering 336,000 correspondence students enrolled under the auspices of the Air University Extension Course Institute and for statistical reports and analysis of 113,000 Air Force officer jobs and records to aid the Air Force Educational Requirement Board determine qualitative, college level, educational needs for Air Force officers. Bureau of the Census, Washington 25, D.C. Located in Washington, D.C., the system is used for statistical data processing for current surveys of foreign trade and other programs of the Bureau of the Census and for service work for other Federal agencies, involving editing and rearranging of input, sorting and merging of records, tallying, tabulating, and summarizing data, computing percentages, medians, means, weights, variances, etc. for data, and arrang

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Photo by Franklin Life Insurance Company ing and preparing tables, listings, labels, etc. for high speed printer. Internal Revenue Service Statistics Division Located in Suitland, Maryland (U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, the system is used for data edit, sort, merge, and compilation of statistical data for statistics of income publications on economic aspects of business and individual income tax returns. The Chesapeake & Ohio Railway Company One computer located at 400 Terminal Tower, Cleveland 1, Ohio and another at Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, Ohio, they are used for payroll, freight revenue accounting, private line car accounting, and stockholder records. The Franklin Institute Computing Center Located at separate facilities in building housing Science Museum and Laboratories for Research & Development, the system is used as a service bureau. Being a service bureau, the nature of the workload is constantly changing. During the three and one-half years of operation we have handled almost every conceivable type of mathematical and data processing application. As a general rule, individual research, engineering and mathematical projects have numerically exceeded straight data processing jobs while the greater overall volume of machine time is devoted to the latter. In order to keep programming costs at a minimum, extensive use is made of the Library of Univac I Routines whenever possible. Time is also made available on an open shop basis and users and area businessmen are encouraged to familiarize themselves with the various mathematical compilers and automatic programming routines by attending one or more of a series of classes periodically conducted at the Center. Business applications such as payroll reporting, cost account reporting, sales statistical summarizations~and various statistical analyses have been done for a number of firms. Scientific applications include the engineering problem solutions from areas such as helicopter design, nuclear reactor design, bearing design, geodetic surveys and many others. The Franklin Life Insurance Company Located at 800 South Sixth Street, Springfield, Ill., the two systems are operated back-to-back applied to insurance activities. Great Northern Railway Company Located at 175 East Fourth, St. Paul, Minnesota, system is used for material, payroll, car records, freight revenue statistics, capital expenditures, sales statistics, and passenger statistics applications.

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Photo by Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company University of Pennsylvania Computing Center The Univac I System is being used by the University for a variety of research problems and for commercial applications. PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM Internal number system Binary coded decimal Decimal digits/word 12 (11 plus sign Decimal digits/instruction 6 Instructions/word 2 Instructions decoded 63 Instructions used 45 Arithmetic system Fixed point Instruction type One address Number range Between -1 and +1 Floating point is performed by sub-routines supplied with the computer. The decimal point occurs at the right of the sign digit. ARITHMETIC UNIT Incl Stor Access Exclud Stor Access Microsec Microsec Add 525 282.6 Mult 2,150 1,907.6 Div 3,950 3,707.6 Construction 5,000 vacuum tubes Rapid access word registers 4 Basic pulse repetition rate 2.25 Me/see Arithmetic mode Serial Timing Synchronous Operation Sequential The minimum storage access time is 40.4 microseconds. The maximum storage access time 404 microseconds. STORAGE Manufacturer No. of No. of Access Medium Words Digits Microsec Acoustic Delay Line 1,000 12,000 40.4 to 404 The acoustic medium is mercury. If average access time is 5 word times, the average access time would be 202 microseconds. All users have 1,000 words of mecury delay line memory.

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Photo by David Taylor Model Basin Franklin Life 10 words of information are stored serially in a memory channel which is 400 microseconds long. Access time may be materially reduced from 200 microseconds average if minimum latency programming is employed. Great Northern No. of No. of Access Media Words Digits Microsec Mercury Delay Memory 1,000 12,000 40 min 4 One Word Mercury 4 48 40 Delay Registers 1 Two Word Register 2 24 80 1 Ten Word Register 10 120 400 Input-output storage areas give an additional 60 words or 720 digits each of storage. INPUT Manufacturer Media Speed Magnetic Tape 12,800 char/sec (UNISERVO I) Keyboard Manual Unityper II Keypunching 50 char/in density Verifier Keypunching Verifies Unityper II recording 80 Column Card-to- 240 char/min 120 char/in density Tape Converter 90 Column Card-to- 240 char/min 120 char/in density Tape Converter Paper Tape to 200 char/sec 5, 6 or 7 channel Magnetic Tape code Converter Magnetic Tape to 90 char/sec Speed dependent Magnetic Tape upon communication Transrecorder facilities Army Map Service Media Speed Magnetic Tape (on-line) 12,800 char/sec Uniservo I - metallic tape only used Keyboard (on-line)Manual typing Unityper II (off-line)Manual typing 80 Col. Card-Tape 240 cards/min Converter (off-line) One 80 col. card converted to 10 word item on tape David Taylor Magnetic Tape100 in/sec 10 Uniservos Air University Cards-to-Magnetic Tape100 cards/min Through card to tape converter Typing-to-Magnetic Tape40 words/min Through Unityper

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Photo by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Media Speed C and 0 Metallic Tape 100 in/sec Franklin Institute Magnetic Tape 12,800 char/sec Plastic Tape12,800 char/sec System modified to read 16,000 char/sec on contin- uous read. Franklin Life Magnetic Tape (metal)7,200 char/sec (Both systems) Assumes tape limited program OUTPUT Manufacturer Media Speed Uniservo I 12,800 char/sec Printing Unit 10 char/sec Uniprinter 10 char/sec 20 char/in density High Speed Printer 600 lines/min 130 char line (max) Tape-to-Card Converter 120 cards/min 80 column cards Magnetic Tape to Paper 50 char/sec 5, 6 or 7 Tape Converter channel code Magnetic Tape to Magnetic 90 char/sec Speed de- Tape Transrecorder pendent upon communication facilities Media Speed Army Map Service Magnetic Tape (on-line) 12,800 char/sec Uniservo I - metallic tape only used Typewriter (on-line)10 char/sec Hi h Speed Printer 600 lines/min off-line) 120 char/line - 51 printable characters Point Plotter (off-line)Up to 50 pts/min 40"x4o" plot table - magnetic tape input Some non-standard symbols on High Speed Printer, such as Greek letters, degree symbol. David Taylor Magnetic Tape 100 in/sec Rem Rand Hi h Speed Printer 600 lines/min (off-line 120 char/line Uniprinter 10 char/sec (on-line) Air University Tape-to-Card 100 cards/min Tape-to-Printer600 lines/min C and 0 Metallic Tape 100 in/sec Franklin Institute Magnetic Tape12,800 char/sec Plastic Tape 12,800 char/sec System modified to write 16,000 char/min on contin uous write.

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Photo by Wright Patterson Air Force Base Media Speed Franklin Life Magnetic Tape (metal)7,200 char/sec (Both systems)Assumes tape limited program CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM Tubes 5,200 Tube types 15 Crystal diodes 18,000 Army Map Service The tube types used throughout the entire system in- clude the 25L6, 6AN5, 7AK7, 6AU6, 6BE6, 6SN7, 6X5, 6AK7, 28D7, 807, 829B, 2050, 5545, 5651, 5687, 6AL5, 6AK5, 6AH6, 5V4, 5R4, 4D32, 3C23, 8008. The system includes the computer, power supply, supervisory control, printer and 8 Uniservos. Franklin Life Approximately 50% of the tube complement are 25L6's. Each of ten Uniservos (tape handlers) are separate and interchangeable. CHECKING FEATURES Manufacturer Duplicate circuitry for checking results of computation and comparison. Odd-even pulse Read-in and read-out pulse check on the 720-digit auxiliary storage. Three minute interval pulse check. Automatic re-read provides for reading a block from the tape again when the first reading indicates an error. Marginal checking causes weak tubes to fail during scheduled maintenance instead of during production time. Army Map Service Trouble shooting and indicating checks on this system include: DC fault test and locator Primary alarm circuits Audio check Mercury tank heater monitor Storage checker Checking circuits Marginal check Function table checker and neon bank Duplicate arithmetic circuits

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Photo by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Test bench and various test equipments 2 modifications for checking purposes ACC voltage monitor either by meter or scope Every character has an odd number of pulses. Oddeven checkers on input and output buffers and in other circuits within the machine. Other automatic internal checking features also included. David Taylor Checking summarized as parity, comparison and counting. Franklin Institute & Univ. of California Radiation Laboratory Parity check throughout system, character count on each block of input and output, and parallel computing . Franklin Life No programmed checks are used in normal operation, except during maintenance time, because of the comprehensive hardware checking circuits mentioned above. Odd-even check of each decimal digit transferred within main computer and of digits coming from or going to magnetic tape. Duplicated circuits of all arithmetic operations and most control functions. POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE. PREPARATION Manufacturer Power, computer 81 Kw 90 KVA 0.98 pf 124.5 KVA w110 Uniservos and power supply Vole, computer 943 cu ft Area, computer 16 ft x 22 ft Height, computer 8 ft 6 916 in Width, computer 14 ft 3 3/8 in Depth, computer 7 ft 10 in Weight, computer 16,686 lbs Capacity, air conditioner 35 Tons Thechoice of air conditioner is optional with customer. A closed chilled-air system cools the Central Computer Group and heavy auxiliaries. Chilled water must be supplied at a temperature from 45o to 50o with controls to the Power Supply and the Central Computer. The Central Computer and the Power Supply Unit require 35 Tons of refrigeration. Franklin Institute Center on first floor of Museum building; air condi- tioning, power supply, etc. routed from basement to direct overhead. Vinyl tile floor, acoustical ceil- ing. Adjacent theater, viewing platform and progress of mathematics exhibit included in air conditioning requirements.

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Photo by Wright-Patterson Air Force Base Army Map Service Power, computer125 KVA Room size, computer 1,400 sq ft (Not including peripheral equipment or personnel) Capacity, air conditioner50 Tons Weight, computer 19,000 lbs False ceiling installed - return-air ducts above false ceiling. No false floor - cabling between equipment, and input air ducts, suspended from ceil- ing of floor below. Control system cooled by air system rather than chilled water - automatic controls to switch between direct outdoor sir and internal re-circulating conditioned air depending on outside temperatures. Computer designed for 2-phase power- 80 KVA Scott transformer used to convert from 3- phase. David Taylor Power, computer129.5 KVA Volume, computer11,000 cu ft Volume, air conditioner4,200 cu ft Area, computer1,000 sq ft Area, air conditioner600 sq ft Room size, computer20 ft x 50 ft Room size, air conditioner 40 ft x 15 ft Floor loading 100 lbs/sq ft Capacity, air conditioner 35 Tons Weight, computer29,853 Air University Power, computer 170 KVA Area, computer 50 ft x 70 ft Area, air conditioner12 ft x 30 ft Capacity, air conditioner35 Tons Weight, computer40,500 lbs False floor, air conditioning, and power cubicle. Bureau of the Census Power, computer 124 Kw 125 KVA 0.9 pf Volume, computer10,660 cu ft Area, computer1,066 sq ft Room size, computer50 ft x 34 ft x 10 ft Floor loading167-295 lbs/sq ft Weight, computer29,863 lbs each Air conditioning is part of integrated system. Separate figures not available. Univac I, Serial 1 - Partitioning area from larger open space. Construction of fire walls and provision of fire doors. Drilling holes in 10 inch concrete floor for air passages; one 2 ft x 7 ft and three 2 ft x 2 ft. Installation of intake grills and ex- haust plenum. Construction of fan room on floor below computer. Run of power wiring conduits from basement to third floor. Univac I, Serial 13 - Area provided for in prepara- tion for Serial 1. Required only the addition of necessary power conduits and chilled water lines from

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Photo by Franklin Life Insurance Company basement to third floor. C and 0 Power, computer 150 KVA 0.9 pf Power, air conditioner 35 Amps at 440V Volume, computer2,322 cu ft Volume, air conditioner600 cu ft Area, computer391 sq ft Area, air conditioner100 sq ft Room size, computer1,200 sq ft Room size, air conditioner 170 sq ft Floor loading 175 lbs/sq ft 250 lbs concen -ax Capacity, air conditioner 50 Tons Weight, computer 28,040 lbs Building of concrete and steel construction; power fed through 3-inch conduit from power distribution equipment located on floor below computer; lucite false ceiling; room air conditioning through vents in ceiling; cable channels recessed into concrete floor. Franklin Life Power, computer 125 Kw 130 KVA 0.96 pf Power, air conditioner 115 KVA Volume, computer 955 cu ft Volume, Servo System 150 cu ft Area, computer 113 sq ft Area, Servo System 30 sq ft Floor loading 150 lbs/sq ft Capacity, air conditioner 60 Tons Weight, computer 16,800 lbs Cut7 holes through adjoining walls of two build- ings to allow usage of attic room of one building as switchgear room. Removed part of false ceiling to run power and water lines to the computer. Built cement block room on the roof of adjacent building to house air conditioning equipment. Franklin Life Same requirement as above. Removed 4 feet of wall between two windows to allow sections of the central computer to be craned in. Enclosed 390 sq ft of floor area for switchgear room. Removed part of false ceiling to allow room for com- puter. Removed portion of false ceiling temporarily to run power from switchgear room to computer and to run chilled water lines. Installed air conditioning equipment in basement. Great Northern Power, computer 130 KVA 0.92 pf Power, air conditioner 40 KVA 0.92 pf Volume, computer 955 cu ft Area, computer 1,650 sq ft Room size 1,962 sq ft Floor loading 80-125 lbs/sq ft 167 lbs concen max Weight, computer 16,686 lbs

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Air conditioning system is chilled water for cooling computer, power supply and auxiliary equipment. 3 inch pipe columns installed from ceiling to floor on floor below computer. PRODUCTION RECORD Number produced to date 48 Delivery Time Availability basis COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES Manufacturer Base Monthly Rental Outright Sale Price Description 1 Shift-5 day week F. 0. B. Factory UNIVAC I Cen- $13,390 $750,000 tral Computer w/ Power Supply & Supervisory Con- trol Desk UNISERVO I 320 18,000 UNIPRINTER 390 22,000 UNITYPER II 90 4,500 High Speed Printer 3,300 185,000 Card-to-Tape Unit 2,520 142,100 (47 Character Code) Card-to-Tape Unit 2,500 --- (38 Character Code) Tape-to-Card Unit 2,300 130,000 Perforated Tape-to- 1,800 108,000 Magnetic Tape (PTM) Converter Magnetic Tape-to- 1,500 90,000 Perforated Tape (MTP) Converter Prices quoted above subject to change without notice. Rental charges include maintenance service, spare parts and test equipment. Separate maintenance contract and maintenance advisory service contract available to purchasers of UNIVAC Systems. Army Map Service Basic System Central computer, 8 Uniservos, hit speed printer, and 3 Unityper II's cost approx. 00,000 (1952 price) (also 2 Unityper I's, 4 Uniprinters - no longer used). Rental Rates for Additional Equipment 80 Col. Card-Tape Converter $2,520/month. IBM Card Equipment - six 024 Keypunches, one 083 Sorter, one 089 Collator, one 407 Tabulator, one 514 Reproducer, and one 557 Interpreter rents for $1,900/month. Maintenance service is approx. $9,700/month for seventeen 8-hour operational shifts per week. David Taylor Cost of Basic System Central Processing Unit, 10 Uniservos, Uniprinter, and 2 Unityper I were purchased at a total cost of $1,000,000. Cost for Additional Equipment Card to Tape Converter 185,000 Rental Rates for Additional Equipment 1 Unityper II 90/month Rem Rand High Speed Printer 3,300/month Service contract with Rem Rand, approx. $8,000/mo. Air University Cost of Basic System UNIVAC Main Computer and 11 Servos - $500,000 (purchased in 1952). Cost of Additional Equipment Card to Tape Converter, High Speed Printer, UnityperVerifier, and 3 Unitypers - $353,000. Rental Rates for Additional Equipment Tape to Card Converter 2,385/month Maintenance cost $75,000 per year (3 shifts). Bureau of the Census Basic System 2 Univac I, 10 tape units each, non-expendable parts, test equipment, site preparation and installation, initial parts inventory$1,857,000 total Additional Equipment No longer in use: 2 low speed printers, 1 card-to-tape converter, 1 Unityper, Mod. 1. Remaining in use: 1 high speed printer, 1 Unityper, 1 extra print head, 1 printer buffer $271,000. 3-shift maintenance contracts for each of 2 Univac I Computers at standard Remington Rand rates. C and 0 Terminal Tower, Cleveland Own Central Computer & Servos - cost $873,000 Own 1 High Speed Printer-cost 130,000 Lease 1 High Speed Printer - 4,700/month Lease 1 Card-to-Tape Converter-2,605/month Lease 1 Tape-to-Card Converter-2,300/month Lease 1 Unityper - 90/month Maintenance contract on computer and servos $8,000/month. Maintenance contract on 1 high speed printer $500/month. Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland Central Computer and Servos (2 - 8 hour shifts) $26,950/month. Frankling Life Basic System 1 Univac I Computer (10 Servos), 2 high speed printers, and 20 Unitypers (exclud. installation) cost $1,200,000. All maintenance is performed by Franklin Life personnel. Franklin Life 1 Univac I System (10 Servos) excluding installation cost $300,000. All maintenance is performed by Franklin Life personnel. Great Northern Univac Computer, 10 Servos, and console cost $1,000,000. High speed printer - 600 lines per minute, card-to-tape converter cost $500,000. Service contract - Computer 2 shifts $5 310; printer 2 shifts $1,522.50; Card to tape 1 shift x$740. PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS Manufacturer The number of engineers, technicians, and operators required depends upon the equipment complement of the Univac System and the shift operation. Army Map Service Three 8-Hour Shifts Supervisors 8 Analysts 8 Programmers 15 Clerks 3 Operators 6 Engineers 1 In-Output Oper 11 Operation tends toward closed shop. Methods of training used include basic training by equipment manufacturers (e.g. Rem Rand programming, IBM card equip operation), on-the-job training by experienced personnel and supervisors, advanced training - university courses in mathematics, etc., and Personnel Division training facilities for supervisory training. Central Computer operating 3 shifts 6 days/week. Peripheral (in-output) equip operating 1 shift 6/ days. Programming - 1 shift 5 days.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC I, start page 0984

Present Organization Structure Present Authorized Strength - 52 Programming Br.-18 Applications Computing Br - 29 Chief, Asst Chief, Research Br. Chf, Asst Chf, Adm Clerk-Typist 1 Clerk-Tape Librarian 15 Programmers Operations Unit 7 Project Mathematicians 1 Supervisor 6 SystemsIn-Out Oper Operators1 Asst Supvr 6 Input Equip Oper5 Output Equip Oper David Taylor One 8-Hour Shift Used Recommended Analysts 8 8 Programmers 12 12 Coders 0 0 Clerks 0 0 Librarians 0 1 In-Output Oper 1 3 Operation tends toward closed shop. Methods of training used include on-the-job and by the manufacturer. Air University Three 8-Hour Shifts Supervisors 1 Programmers 4 Clerks 1 Operators 7 Technicians 5 Operation tends toward closed shop. Methods of training used includes on-the-job training. Programmers attended manufacturer's programming school. Bureau of the Census Three 8-Hour Shifts Supervisors 3 Analysts, programmers & coders 20 Clerks 5 Librarians 2 Operators 9 Engineers 1 Technicians 10 In-Output Oper 6 Tape Handlers 10 Other 1 Programmers shown are customer employees; technicians are contract maintenance employees; tape handlers are customer employees. Operation tends toward open shop. Training Branch conducts formal classroom sessions for programmers, operators (followed by on-the-job training) executive orientation, brush-up seminars. Classroom and on-the- job training are also conducted for engineers and technicians. Internal Revenue one 8-Hour shift Used Recommended Supervisors 1 Analysts 4 6 Programmers 15 20 Clerks 3 4 Librarians 2 2 In-Output Oper 3 3 Tape Handlers 1 2 to 4 Programming courses provided by manufacturer when available. Programming course presented by an experienced Division programmer. Programming course presented by other owners such as Bureau of the Census. C and 0 Five 8-Hour Shifts Supervisors 7 Analysts 6 Programmers 11 Clerks 8 Operators 8 Engineers 7 Technicians 4 In-Output Oper 6 Personnel are for two systems. Operation tends toward closed shop. Computer operators trained by manufacturer, auxiliary equipment operators trained on-the-job. Franklin Institute One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour Shift Shifts Shifts U Rec U Rec U Rec Clerks 1 1 1 2 1 2 Librarians 0 1 0 1 0 1 Operators 2 2 4 4 5 6 Engineers 1 1 1 1 1 1 Technicians 3 3 5 5 6 6 Tape Hand 0 0 0 0 0 0 Operation tends toward closed shop. Methods of training used includes: programmers formal classes plus study; maintenance and operationsinformal classes, study and on-job training. Franklin Life One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour Shift Shifts Shifts Supervisors 1 1 1 Analysts 1 Programmers 8 Coders 6 Clerks 50 Librarians 1 Operators 2 2 2 Engineers 2 1 1 Technicians 2 2 2 In-Output Oper 2010 (4 hrs) The same staff of employees is used to maintain programs and operate both computers. Operation tends toward open shop. Methods of training includes on-the-job training with an experienced employee. Great Northern Two 8-Hour Shifts Used Recommended Programmers 1 Operators 2 Engineers 4 5 Technicians 1 2 In-Output Oper 3 Tape Handlers 1 Operators and tape handler schooled by equipment manufacturer. The machine is serviced by the manufacturer. RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE, AND TIME AVAILABILITY Manufacturer Reliability and operating experience are based on several years records. Using the formula "Available Operating Time" minus "Lost Time" divided by "Scheduled Operating Time", cumulative performance of the UNIVAC I Central Computers averages 93.0%.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC I, start page 0987

Army Map Service Good time 125 Hours/Week Average) Attempted to run time136 Hours/Week Average) Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.92 Above figures based on period from 1957 to present Passed Customer Acceptance Test Apr 52 Time is not available for rent to outside organiza- tions. Small increments of time occasionally made available for other Dept. of Defense offices (usually Corps of Engrs agencies), only when specifically so directed by higher authority (Office of Chief of Engrs, U. S. Army). David Taylor Good time114 Hours/Week (Average) Attempted to run time120 Hours/Week (Average) Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.95-0.97 Above figures based on period 1 Jul 59 to 31 May 60 Passed Customer Acceptance Test Apr 53 Time is available for rent to qualified outside or- ganizations. Air University Good time80 Hours/Week (Average) Attempted to run time100 Hours/Week (Average) Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.80 Above figures based on period from Jan 60 to Jul 60 Time is available for rent to qualified outside or- ganizations. System was first installed in Pentagon in 1952. It was moved to Maxwell AFB in 1958. Bureau of the Census Good time(each machine) 137 Hours/Week (Average) Attempted to run time 148 Hours/Week (Average Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.926 Above figures based on period 3 Apr 60 to 23 Apr 60 Passed Customer Acceptance Test: Serial 1 (51);13 (55) Time is not available for rent to outside organiza- tions. Good time includes lost time from non-machine causes. Attempted to run time excludes scheduled maintenance. Figures are for each machine. C and 0 Average error-free running period 24 Hours Good time 186 Hours/Week (Average Attempted to run time192 Hours/Week (Average Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.97 Above figures based on period from Mar 57 to Jun 60 Passed Customer Acceptance Test Feb 56 Time is available for rent to qualified outside or- ganizations. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Average error-free running period 168.6 Minutes Good time 3,707 Hours (Scheduled minus Down Time minus All Lost Time) Attempted to run time 3,895 Hours Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.95 Above figures based on period 23 Dec 55 to 20 Dec 56. Passed Customer Acceptance Test 10 Apr 55 Franklin Institute Good time 57 Hours/Week Average) Attempted to run time60 Hours/Week Average) Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.95 to 1. Above figures based on period from Jan 57 to Jan 6o Passed Customer Acceptance Test Jan 57 Time is available for rent to outside organizations. The machine is available on an hourly rental basis and only good time is changeable; no minimum time requirement exists. Hourly Rates for Use of Computer and Peripheral Equipment Computer (UNIVAC I) Hours/Fiscal MonthDollars/Hour less than 22 120 22 and between 22 and 44 115 44 and between 4+ and 88 110 88 and between 88 and 176 105 176 and up 100 Unityper or Keypunch 3 High Speed Printer 15 Card-to-Tape Converter 10 Uniprinter 5 The above rates include good machine time and an operator and use of a large library of routines. Reasonable quantities of accompanying deleaving and bursting of multiple-part forms are performed without charge. Customer is billed for time used to the nearest minute. No minimum charge. Discount A ten (10) percent discount will be allowed on Univac I Computer billing for those contracting for 22 or more hours in any fiscal month, subject to the following provision. A contract, purchase order, or the equivalent must be in effect prior to the beginning of the month of machine use for a specified amount of time that will be paid for by the customer whether used or not. The discount will be allowed on the specified amount of Univac I Computer time only, regardless of the acutal amount of time used. Time used in excess of that contracted for in this way will not be subject to the discount. The discount does not apply for peripheral equipment usage. Services of Additional Personnel The services of additional personnel are available for analysis, programming, coding and instruction or training of others on scientific or industrial applications at the following direct labor hourly rates which are subject to our standard overhead rate: Senior Methods Analyst $5 Mathods Analyst 4 Programmer 3 Supplies The hourly rates listed above include the normal use of magnetic tape and continuous forms. Tabulating cards, special forms and other supplies are not included and all such materials, including tapes to be retained by the customer, will be billed at prices currently in effect and will represent an additional charge. Estimates Estimates or proposals are furnished upon request at no cost or obligation. Proposals can be based on a cost plus overhead, time and services, or fixedprice basis. Agreements We will start on receipt of your contract, purchase order, or written go-ahead. Operation is on a 4, 4, 5 week quarter. Fiscal January 1960 ends January 29. Billing is monthly unless specified otherwise. Inquiries Inquiries should be addressed as above or call Locust 4- 3600, Ext. 246 (Philadelphia 3, Pa.). Effective Date This rate schedule is effective 1 January 1960, and is subject to change.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC I, start page 0988

Franklin Life Good time 127 Hours/Week (Average Attempted to run time 11+8 Hours/Week (Average; Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.867 Above figures based on period 1 Jan 60 to 1 Apr 60 Time is available for rent to outside organizations. Franklin Life Good time 1 Hours /Week Average Attempted to run time 148 Hours/Week Average; Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.94 Above figures based on period 1 Jan 59 to 31 Dee 59 Passed Customer Acceptance Test 15 Mar 55 Time is available for rent to outside organizations. General Electric Company Good time 82.9 Hours eek Aver Attempted to run time 93.9 Hours/Week (Average Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.872 Above figures based on period 2 Sep 56 to 23 Dec 56. The "Good" time/week indicated above does not include re- run time. Good time is defined as the time that the Univac was producing good, usable output that did not have to be redone for any of a number of reasons associated with tape or machine mal functions. Great Northern Good time 76 Hours/Week (Average Attempted to run time80 Hours/Week (Average Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.95 Above figures based on period from Oct 58 to present Passed Customer Acceptance Test Mar 56 Time is not available for rent to outside organizations. System is operated 2 shifts per week. 'New York University, AEC Facility Good time 3,740 Hours Attempted to run time 4,084 Hours Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.91 Above figures based on period from Jan 56 to Jul 56 Passed Customer Acceptance Test Nov 52 These figures were essentially constant for two and one- half years. Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run)Exceeds 0.90 Above figure based on period from Oct 55 to Dee 56 University of California Radiation Laboratory Average error-free running period 5.5 Hours Good time 1,816 Hours Attempted to run time 2,000 Hours Operating ratio (Good/Attempted to run time) 0.91 Above figures based on period 1 Jul 56 to 30 Sep 56 Passed Customer Acceptance Test 19 Nov 52 ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS Manufacturer Library and compiler routines for mathematical and commercial use and service routines for maintenance use are available to customers. In addition to the checking circuits in the Central Computer, the Card-to-Tape Converter, the Tape-to-Card Converter and the High Speed Printer contain built-in checking features. Design features which facilitate maintenance include accessibility of chassis through doors in the casework and accessibility of interwiring between chassis from inside. Simultaneous reading, writing and computation are possible due to built-in buffer units. Univac can read from one Uniservo; write on a second and rewind a third. Unless there is another read, write or rewind instruction immediately follow- ing, Univac may continue to compute while the reading, writing, and rewinding operations are being performed. Army Map Service Only metallic tape is used - on site storage in metal cabinets (standard supply cabinets w/vertical dividers on each shelf) and tape carts. Duplicates of program tapes in fireproof cabinets and duplicates of important permanent file data at Army Map Service Depository. Machine was operated by Army Map Service at factor' (Philadelphia) from date of acceptance, April 1952, until September 1952. After Serial No. 2 machine was installed and checked out in Washington (Air Force-Pentagon), and Serial No. 4 was completed and operating at factory, this machine was moved to its present site at Army Map Service. Full operation by Army Map Service started 4 January 1953, end machine has been operating 3 shifts/day 6 or 7 days week ever since. Bureau of the Census Adopted procedures for magnetic tape labelling, storage, shipping, and protection from humidity, temperature and physical, electrical, fire, or other damage, includes fire wall construction; metallic containers for magnetic tape, fire fighting organization and training, control system for defective and damaged tapes, standardization of tape reel lengths and markings. C and 0 Outstanding features include accuracy, reliability and duplicated circuitry. Tape labelling by Labelon Marking Tape; permanent wall cabinets provided for tape storage to protect against dirt and physical damage. Leased time from Case Institute includes only the Central Computer and not the auxiliary equipment. Franklin Institute System is maintained by Franklin Institute personnel. Changes and modifications provide 15%r to 25'% increase in speed without affecting Univac I compatability. Labelon and self sticking adhesive used to identify tapes. Metal wall cabinets provide storage for 3,600 tapes. Area completely air conditioned and humidity and temperature has never been problem. Area in use or patrolled at all times and equipment available to minimize fire hazard. Open or closed shop operation on 3 shift basis. Government, industrial and scientific work. Univac System Changes Continuous Write A continuous write feature has been installed in the F.I.C.C. Univac I. Start-stop time is eliminates when writing sequential "strings" of data. System evaluation is not possible as the change has been in use only a short time. A complete tape may be generated in a continuous mode, in approximately three minutes (rewind time). A maximm gain of 25% may be e in tape limited applications. A continuous read modification is presently being installed. The continuous write consists of 14 tubes and associated hardware. Installation time is not known since the modification was undertaken on a development basis. Clear 0 Tanks on Read-In Switch A switch has been added to select read-in or readout clear. It has prevented re-runs on many occasions by allowing re-write on output errors. File Computer Operation The Remington Rand File Computer is capable of producing tape output that is acceptable to the Univac I Computer. Standard Univac I output cannot, however, be read by file equipment.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC I, start page 0989

F.I.C.C. recently tackled the problem of reverse compatibility. Certain problems center about the difference between the two computers. Other headaches are primarily a result of the use of plastic tapes. A practical working solution has been found to the Univac I File problem. The necessary modifications have been installed at F.I.C.C. The Univac I can be switched to file mode in approximately one minute. A list of the changes necessary to generate file output is available upon request. Empty 1 Tank Inhibit Circuitry has been installed in the central computer to prevent dumping an empty 1 tank. The circuits actually combine the 1 overlay and empty 1 tank into one modification. The change involves 2 tubes and associated components. The rewind overload neon on supervisory control was removed and a blinking neon substituted as an indicator. " Q and T Order Modification It has been demonstrated that a faulty contact can cause loss of screen voltage on one or more tubes resulting in introduction of errors which might remain undected until output is examined and inconsistencies noted. Through the installation of duplicate backboard terminals, this has been corrected. Univac II installations desiring more technical information on this change are encouraged to request same. High Speed Printer The rectifier bottles in the H.S.P. power supply have been eliminated in part. Silicone (Texas.Instruments) diodes have been installed. The initial cost of the silicones is less than the price of the "bottles" and a much longer and trouble free life can be expected. Generated heat in the unit has been reduced by two kilowatts. The silicone diodes have been operational for eight months and have been completely trouble free. Intermittent operation of.the switches on the printer console has been traced to dirt filtering into the switch contacts. A vinyl bag was constructed and the entire area sealed. There have been few troubles since this addition. Card to Tape The card to tape card feed unit has been.souped up to 320 cards per minute. No circuit changes were found necessary. The unit was retimed for this speed and has performed admirably. Tektronix Scope An "A plus B" sweep has been wired into one 535 scope. It allows two signals to be displayed simultaneously on a single sweep. It is particularly useful in observation of signal timing in "difficult to live with" input-output areas. This change, consisting of one capacitor and one resistor, is being checked out with the Tektronix organization. Literature Literature is available on request to Franklin Institute Director, Computer Center, 20th and Parkway, Philadelphia 3, Pa. Franklin Life outstanding feature is dual circuitry. Great Northern Adopted procedures for magnetic tape labelling, storage, shipping, and protection from humidity, temperature and physical, electrical, fire, or other damage include external and internal label, distribution of copies of different tapes in other offices in same building. Plan to purchase fireproof case. FUTURE PLANS Army Map Service Minneapolis-Honeywell H800 Computer currently on order to replace present Univac I. Delivery scheduled for early 1961. Univac I will be retained for at least 6 months to 1 year after B800 delivery, so that conversion process to new equipment can be made in an orderly and gradual manner. H800 equipment to include the following major features: 16,000 word memory Floating point operation 2 tape control units 12 magnetic tape units High speed printer (on or off line) Card Reader New applications include: Processing digitalized map (topographic) data including digital mal library Preparing tape for controlling router to carve terrain models Intercontinental geodetric datum adjustments Special satellite and space programs Other classified projects Internal Revenue An IBM system has been designated for Service wide use. Details of the system as to components, application, etc. are not available for public release at this time. Initial installation of equipment is scheduled for October 1961. It is planned to compile as much statistics of income data as possible as a by-product of data recording for operational purposes in the described ADF Master File system. INSTALLATIONS Bureau of Census Department of Commerce Washington 25, D. C. Office of the Air Controller Headquarters U. S. Air Force Washington 25, D. C. Army Map Service 6500 Brooks lane Washington 25, D. C. Bureau of Ships Department of the Navy . Washington 25, D. C. David Taylor Model Basin Applied Mathematics Laboratory Washington 7, D. C. Air University Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama Wright Patterson Air Force Base (AMC) Air Materiel Command, Dayton, Ohio Bureau of the Census Washington 25, D. C. Bureau of the Census Federal Office Building No. 3 Suitland, Maryland Air Materiel Command, Sacramento, California Air Materiel Command, Gentilly Internal Revenue Service 12th and Constitution Ave., N. W. Washington 25, D. C.

BRL 1961, UNIVAC I, start page 0990

New York University (AEC) 45 Fourth Avenue New York, New York University of California (AEC) Radiation Laboratory, P. 0. Box 808 Livermore, California Electronic Computing Center Remington Rand 315 Fourth Avenue New York, New York General Electric Company 310 West Liberty Street Louisville, Kentucky Metropolitan Life Insurance Company One Madison Avenue New York 10, New York United States Steel National Tube Division 525 William Penn Place Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company Louviers Building Wilmington, Delaware United States Steel Gary Steel Works Chicago, Illinois Franklin Life Insurance Company 800 South Sixth Street Springfield, Illinois E. R. A. 1900 W. Miinnehaha Avenue St. Paul 4, Minnesota Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company Box 6050, Metropolitan Station Los Angeles 55, California Westinghouse Electric Company P. 0. Box 2278 3 Gateway Pittsburgh 30, Pennsylvania Electronic Computing Center Remington Rand 2601 Wilshire Blvd. Los Angeles, California Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad 400 Terminal Tower Building Cleveland 1, Ohio John Hancock Mutual Life Insurance Company 200 Berkeley Street Boston, Massachusetts Consolidated Edison Company of New York Metropolitan Life Insurance Company One Madison Avenue New York 10, New York Life and Casualty Insurance Company of Tennessee Frankfurt, Germany, Service Bureau Sylvania Electric Products, Incorporated Camillus, New York Great Northern Railroad 175 E. Fourth Street St. Paul 1, Minnesota The Franklin Institute 20th and Parkway Philadelphia 3, Pennsylvania University of Pennsylvania The Computer Center Philadelphia 4, Pennsylvania Boston, Massachusetts, Service Bureau Consolidated Edison 4 Irving Place New York 3, New York The Carborundum Company Buffalo, New York Sperry Gyroscope Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts

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