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BRL 1961, HAMPSHIRE CCC 500, start page 0286
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HAMPSHIRE CCC 500
Coordinate Conversion Computer Model 500
MANUFACTURER
Hampshire Engineering Company
Photo
Photo by Hampshire Engineering Company
APPLICATIONS
Computer is used with automatic tracking theodolites
to give real time display and rapid tabulation of
aircraft position in rectangular coordinates.
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BRL 1961, HAMPSHIRE CCC 500, start page 0287
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PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 20
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Wired program
Number range Fractional
Automatic built-in subroutines include translation of
binary to binary coded decimal excess 3.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Exclud. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 428 428
Must 8500 8500
Div 8000 8000
Construction (Arithmetic unit only
Vacuum-tubes, magnetic cores, and diodes
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
Operation Concurrent
Arithmetic functions are performed concurrently by
several small units connected directly with magnetic
storage registers. Diode logic and vacuum
tube amplifiers are used.
STORAGE
No. of No. of
Medium Words Digits
Core-Diode Shift Registers 9 22
Magnetic tape used for output only.
INPUT
Input is by cable connection to shift registers in
theodolites, and is in the form of binary coded
pulse trains.
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Analogue Voltages for X, Y, Z Real time
Used by plotting board
Punched tape 60 char/sec
Feeds ELECOM 120 Computer or Flexowriter
Magnetic tape 2 & 4 in/sec
X, Y, Z in serial form. X, Y, and Z refer to
rectangular coordinates.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes 98 in computer
66 in output units
Diodes Approx 1,000
Magnetic Cores
SR-100 450
CHECKING FEATURES
Checking features include built-in marginal checking and
built-in test problem input and output monitor.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 1.0 Kw
Volume, computer 38 cu ft
Area, computer 7 sq ft
Room size Any room
No special site preparation requirements.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 1
Time required for delivery 6 months
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Computer only Approx 50,000
Computer with output equipment Approx 80,000
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
No special operators needed. Equipment can be
operated by one man after a few hours' checkout.
Service easily handled on part-time basis by one
engineer or senior technician.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Simplicity is obtained by semi-permanently wiring
computer to perform a specific problem solution.
Magnetic core storage driving diode logic directly
reduces active elements and increases reliability. Dynamic
pulse techniques used.
Total failures to date consists of 4 diodes, 1
resistor, and 3 printed circuit board connections. This
covers a period of 3 years.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include speed ample for realtime
uses, computer is very simple with high reliability, and is
unusually accurate in analogue output.
FUTURE PLANS
This system is being superseded by Model 932
Computer, which is faster, is more flexible, has greater
capacity, and uses transistors rather than tubes.
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BRL 1961, HAMPSHIRE TRTDS 932, start page 0288
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HAMPSHIRE TRTDS 932
Hampshire Theodolite Real Time Display System
Model 932
MANUFACTURER
Hampshire Engineering Company
APPLICATIONS
The real time computer and display system is used with
Contraves Phototheodolites to produce precision plots and
tabulation of aircraft position in rectangular coordinates.
It can also be used for radar coordinate conversion and
other real time problems with appropriate problem changes.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 22
Binary digits/instruction Wired problem
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Wired problem
Number range 22 bits (Fractional, incl. sign
Automatic built-in subroutines include sine, cosine,
tangent and translation of binary to binary coded decimal.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Exclud. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 220 220
Mult 1760 1760
Div 5300 5300
Construction (Arithmetic unit only
Transistors 85
Magnetic Cores 165 Core-transistor shift registers
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous
Operation Concurrent
STORAGE
No. of
Medium No. of Words Dig/Word
Core-Transistor Shift 15-easily expanded 22
Register
INPUT
Media Speed
Magnetic Tape Real time
Telephone Lines Real time
Telephone lines connect to the theodolites.
OUTPUT
Media Speed
30" x 30" Plotting Board Real time
Magnetic Tape Real time
Punched Tape 1/3 real time
Flexowriter 110 real time
Analogue Voltages for Real time
X, Y, Z
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity Use
Tubes 65 Output units
Diodes 3,000
Transistors 500 Computer
400 Auxiliary equipment
Magnetic Cores 650 Computer
450 Auxiliary equipment
All figures are approximate. The computer cores are in
the core-transistor shift register.
CHECKING FEATURES
Checking features include built-in marginal checking,
built-in test probleminputs and output monitor, and parity
check on data transmission.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer1.5 Kw, approx
Power includes auxiliary equipment.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number in current production 1
Number on order 1
Time required for delivery Approx 6 months
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Computer $50,000 to $100,000
Complete system$100,000 to $250,000
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BRL 1961, HAMPSHIRE TRTDS 932, start page 0289
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PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour
Shift Shifts Shifts
Operators 1 2 3
Engineers 1/4 1/4 1/2
Technicians 1/2 1 1
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Simplicity is obtained by semi-permanently wiring
computer to handle a specific problem. Extremely
conservative design is used. Magnetic cores are
used for storage. Cores drive diode logic direct-
ly, thereby reducing number of active elements. A
modified dynamic pulse technique with magnetic cores
is used.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include ample speed for real
time use, simplicity with high reliability, operability
by personnel with minimum training and unusual
accuracy in analogue output.
INSTALLATIONS
Hampshire Engineering Company
2300 Washington Street
Newton Lower Falls 62, Mass.
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BRL 1961, HONEYWELL 290, start page 0290
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HONEYWELL 290
Honeywell Computer Model 290
MANUFACTURER
Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company
Special Systems Division
Photo
Photo by Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company
APPLICATIONS
The Honeywell 290 Computer is a general purpose,
internally stored program digital computer especially
designed for use as a highly reliable on-line comput-
er for process or operation monitoring and-or control.
The H290 features all solid state circuitry, high
speed, low clock rate, both core and drum memory, con-
current input, output and compute operation. The
H290 can be furnished with over 70 instructions
selectable by the user from a list of over 150 avail-
able instructions. The H290 Computer with associated
peripheral equipment can accept over 4,000 inputs at
scanning speeds up to 1,000 points per second, perform
calculations in real-time and produce over 4,000 outputs.
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BRL 1961, HONEYWELL 290, start page 0291
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HONEYWELL INDUSTRIAL DIGITAL COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM DIAGRAM
Diagram by Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary or Bin. Coded Dec.
Binary digits/word 18 Binary or 4 1/2 decimal
Binary digits/instruction 18 Binary
Instructions per word One
Instructions decoded Variable - any 70 or so
out of over 150
Arithmetic system Floating point
Can be provided as single instructions
Fixed point
Fractional (2's complement arithmetic)
Instruction type One address
6 bit operation code and 12 bit address. Several
complex orders use two words as a single order.
Number range 0 to 262, 143 in Binary
and 0 to 39,999 in Binary-Coded- Decimal
Instruction word format
+-----------------+-----------------+
| 6 bits | 12 bits |
+-----------------+-----------------+
|Operation Code | Address |
+-----------------+-----------------+
| 18 13 | 12 1 |
+-----------------+-----------------+
There is no need for "built-in" subroutines. A group of 80
micro-instructions are assembled into macro macro-instructions
dependent upon the Control Section logic. These macro-
instructions may be changed with
comparative ease. A Control Section will be supplied
according to the application and the user's desires and it
can be modified or changed if the need arises.
Assembly routines are provided.
The H290 utilizes over 26 registers. Three are for inputs,
5 for outputs, 1 for instruction sequence, 4 for arithmetic
and the balance for other internal computer functions. The
entire core memory could be utilized as index registers.
The basic operation code consists of 6 bits, 64 orders
involving memory addresses. A "no-address" type of order
allows for 64 additional orders not involving variable
addresses. If additional orders involving memory are
required, the Control Section may be easily modified to
utilize a "no-address" order as one addressing memory. The
Control Section by being mostly magnetic, can have its
entire order structure completely altered if desired.
Because it is not conceivable that any one application would
have need of the complete possible instruction vocabulary,
it can be said that the number of available instructions is
limitless for a particular application.
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BRL 1961, HONEYWELL 290, start page 0292
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ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl Stor Incl Stor Access No Access to
Access to to One Operand Operands and
both Oper- & "Housekeep- No "House-
ands & ing" keeping"
"Housekeep- Microsec Microsec
ing"
Operation Microsec
Add 200 140 100
Malt 860 800 760
Div 1420 1360 1320
"Housekeeping" consists of those portions of each order
that are identical for all orders and it accounts for 40
microseconds.
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Transistors 500 approx.
Diodes 1,500 approx.
Arithmetic mode Parallel
2's complement arithmetic is used throughout which
allows a powerful but comparatively simple add net
work. No special logic is needed to handle sign
determination. Arithmetic is completely binary with
a relatively simple decimal translator for addition
and subtraction. Binary-to-Decimal and Decimal-to-
Binary conversion orders are provided for complete
flexibility.
Timing Synchronous and Asynchronous
The basic clock frequency of 50 kc is realized
through use of an asynchronous logical clock of six
unique time periods each of which is independently
variable.
Operation Sequential and Concurrent
Instructions are executed in sequence but input, output
and internal computations are easily realized
simultaneously. The computer itself is synchronized by the
clock, but the clock is not an oscillator or multivibrator.
A basic timing device and logic manipulator have been
combined into the Primary Clock which can have no false
moves. Separate Core Memory and Drum Memory Clocks are
synchronized by the Primary Clock.
STORAGE
No. of Access
Media No. of Words Digits (max) Microsec
Magnetic Core 1,024; 2,048; Binary 73,728 20
or 4,096 Decimal 16,384
Drum 4,096 or Binary 147,456 1700 Avg
8,192 Decimal 32,768
Drum capacity is expandable to 32,000 words. Drum
successive locations will require only 128 microseconds up
to a maximum of 252 words. The first word of a series will
average 1700 microseconds.
INPUT
Media Speed
On-line from Analog-to- Up to 10,000 18-bit
Digital Converter or char/sec
from Digital Inputs directly
For real-time on-line acquisition of process
measurements.
Manual Dials Approx 60 microsec
persetting of the dials
For occasional entry of new fixed information or
new instructions.
Punched Paper Tape 20 char/sec
Primarily for Program Loading.
OUTPUT
Media Speed
On-line to Digital-to- Up to 10,000 18-bit char/sec
Analog Converter or
to Digital Devices
For real-time on-line control of process variables
or for actuating alarms, on-off devices, etc.
Numerical Display Lights
For decimal. or hexadecimal notation of computer
words.
Punched Paper Tape Up to 60 char/sec
For subsequent feed to electric typewriters
On-line Digital Up to 10,000 18 bit char/sec
Two paths for selection of Input and Output
Channels.
By means of a unique order structure and proper
programming, it is possible to interlace an input program, an
output program and a computation program. The input program
will initiate input commands to peripheral devices and then
switch control to the computation program. The computation
program will periodically check to see if the input device
has completed its conversion. When complete, the input
program may then call for the next input and then jump to the
output program. An output command may then initiate action by
an appropriate output device and then jump to the computation
program. This may be considered as a form of "traffic
control". Proper programming prevents a series of input and
output commands from "backing up" and virtually eliminates
any waiting time for peripheral devices. The order structure
enables the checking of peripheral. devices for the
completion of their last task and upon completion another
command is issued to the peripheral device and the program
can then immediately branch to another routine, periodically
checking for the completion of the latest command issued to
the peripheral device. The manner in which this is achieved
by the program is quite simplified and flexible. Input and
output channels are selectable by the twelve address bits of
the input or output instruction thereby enabling the
selection of any one of 4,096 inputs or 4,096 outputs.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Approx Quantity
Diodes 9,000
Transistors 1,500
Magnetic Cores 75,000
CHECKING FEATURES
Due to the nature of the applications on which this
computer is intended to be used there is no requirement for
parity checks nor checking bits associated with any word.
Programmed system self checks and
input and output reasonableness checks can be easily
incorporated into the complete program. Particular
types of checking can be incorporated in the order
structure as a part of the Control Section on spec
ial order at additional cost. Simple program checks and
verifying diagnostic routines can easily be incorporated in
the complete program.
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BRL 1961, HONEYWELL 290, start page 0293
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POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT; AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer w/air cond 1.4 Kw 2.3 KVA 0.6 pf
Power, air conditioner 0.3 Kw1.1 KVA
Volume, comp w/air cond 56 cu ft
Area, comp w/air cond 8 sq ft
Room size 10 ft x 10 ft
Floor loading 144 lbs/sq ft
Load is uniformly distributed over rectangular
2 ft x 4 ft frame with 1 5/8 inch frame width.
Capacity, air conditioner 0.5 Tons
The H290 is designed for industrial use and there-
fore no extreme site preparation is required. The
air conditioner is built in.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Time required for delivery from receipt of order
12 to 18 months.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
For 1 Honeywell 290 Computer with 4,096 words of
core memory and 8,192 words of drum memory, 1 Paper
Tape Reader, and 1 Paper Tape Punch, the selling
price is approx. $170,000.
Electric typewriters or printers, analog-to-digi-
tal converter, digital-to-analog converter, multi-
plexers, operator console(s), and control amplifiers
are available. The selling price of total system,
including additional equipment, varies, depending
upon the application requirements. Various leasing
and maintenance arrangements are available.
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Maintenance, programming and operator training are
provided according to the purchaser's requirement.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
The H290 Computer has been designed for maximum
reliability and 100% availability for continuous
operation. The "mean time between failures" is well
over a thousand hours of continuous operation. Wire-
wrap and ,jet soldering techniques have been used
throughout. Individual package construction utilizes
ladder type arrangement of components. The number
of components per package greatly reduces the usual
number of mechanical connections; and floating
connections are used throughout. Circuit parameters
have been derated better than 50%. Computer operation
is such that complete protection is provided for the
prevention of the stored program or constants from
being inadvertently destroyed by the operator or an
external disturbance.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include high performance and
speed, high reliability, protected program storage,
flexible instruction vocabulary, use of both core
and drum memory, and ease of programming and main-
tenance. Single instructions can be provided for
complex sub-routines without requiring more than
one reference to memory.
Unique system advantages include random selection
of inputs and outputs in accordance with the program,
concurrent input, output and compute operation, and
up to 1,000 points per second input selection speed.
The Honeywell Computer Control System utilizing
the H290 Computer is applicable for all types of
industrial, commercial and military process or
operation monitoring and control. Complete appli-
cation assistance can be provided extending from
economical and technical feasibility study through
installation and maintenance of the system. All
process transmitters, transducers and peripheral
equipment can be provided by HONEYWELL.
Concurrent Operation
Execution of internal computations, concurrent
with operation of almost any number of peripheral
devices (such as paper tape reader, a tape punch,
a typewriter, an analog-to-digital converter, etc.)
is possible due to the internal logic and random
access core memory of the computer. This feature
effectively permits the attention of the computer
to be devoted to continuous process control of the
particular process and to the calculation of pro-
cess formulae.
For instance, the computer program can randomly
select an input channel. If this input channel rep-
resents a process variable such as a temperature
(read by a thermocouple), its value is usually in
analog form (continuous signal) and must be convert-
ed to digital form (discrete digits) for presenta-
tion to the computer: Conversions of this sort are
handled by the computer peripheral equipment; in
this case, the analog-to-digital converter. While
the computer peripheral equipment carries out this
conversion, the computer itself is free to perform
other operations. Between operations, the computer
"looks at" its input registers to see if the con-
version is completed. When the peripheral equip-
ment has completed the requested conversion, the
computer is signaled and will accept the digitized
value.
The same principle applies to all peripheral opera-
tions. All of these can occur concurrently.
Transistorized for Reliability
The Honeywell 290 has solid state components
throughout all electronic circuits and is designed
to operate in an industrial environment with a min-
imum of maintenance. Reliability is further assured
not only by the low clock rate but also by operating
the transistors and diodes far below the maximum
levels recommended by the component manufacturers.
This lengthens component life. In addition, the
Honeywell 290 contains a cooling unit to substanti-
ally lower the internal temperature in the computer
proper to further increase component life.
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BRL 1961, HONEYWELL 800, start page 0294
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HONEYWELL 800
Honeywell 800
MANUFACTURER
Minneapolis Honeywell Regulator Company
Datamatic Division
Newton 61, Massachusetts
Photo
Photo by Minneapolis Honeywell Regulator Company
APPLICATIONS
Designed for general purpose business,
businessscientific, and scientific applications, system
capable of running eight programs simultaneously.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary and binary-coded
decimal
Number of binary digits/word 48
Number of decimal digits/word 12 plus checking
Number of binary digits
instruction 48
Number of decimal digits
instruction 12 plus checking
Number of instructions/word 1
Number of instructions decoded 59 basic types
Arithmetic system Floating point (optional)
Fixed point (standard)
Instruction type Three address
Number range
Decimal nd . 10ed -64 <= ed <= 63
-(1-10-10) <= nd <= (1-10-10)
Binary nb . 2eb -64 <= eb <= 63
-(1-2-39) <= nb <= (1-2-39)
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BRL 1961, HONEYWELL 800, start page 0295
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Diagram by Minneapolis-Honeywell Regulator Company
Instruction and information word format
Word Structure - The Honeywell 800 word consists of 54
bits, of which six are used for checking. The 48
information bits may represent an 11-decimal digit number
with its sign, several smaller decimal numbers, with signs
for each, eight alphabetic characters, or a combination of
these. A word may also be interpreted as a 44-bit binary
number with its sign, or as an instruction. Using the
floating-point option, a word may represent a sign bit, a
seven bit exponent, and a 40-bit mantissa in binary form.
HONEYWELL 800 WORD STRUCTURE
Instructions - In the instruction word, the information
bits are divided logically into four sections which are
interpreted as an operation code followed by three
addresses.
Instruction Word
+--------------+------------+-----------+-----------+
| Operation | Address | Address | Address |
| Code | A | B | C |
+--------------+------------+-----------+-----------+
| 12 bits | 12 bits | 12 bits | 12 bits |
+--------------+------------+-----------+-----------+
Indexing - Each address in an instruction may be
designated as absolute or indexed. A total of eight index
registers are available to each program.
Masking - The ability to mask words allows most internal
processing instructions in the Honeywell 800 to work with
fields of variable length. Each program may designate a
group of 32 memory locations as masking registers. Such a
designation may be changed by the programmer at say point
in his program. Thus, an essentially unlimited number of
masking registers is at his disposal.
Automatic built-in subroutines
Exponential Overflow
Exponential Underflow
Division over Capacity
Addition or Subtraction Overflow
Read or Write Error
Begin or End of Tape
Parity Failure
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BRL 1961, HONEYWELL 800, start page 0296
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Automatic coding
Argus (Automatic Routine Generating and Updating
System)
Fact (Fully Automatic Compiling Technique)
Algebraic Compiler
Library of Subroutines
Executive Routine
Registers and B-boxes
64 Index Registers
8 Mask Index Registers
32 Input-Output Control
32 Sequencing and History
96 Special (Programmers Usage)
8 Automatic Subroutines
16 Internal Control
Accumulator Register
Low Order Product-Quotient Register
Mask Constant Storage Register
Program Control Register
Machine Control Register
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access
Microsec.
Add time 24
Mult time 162
Div time 450
Construction, arithmetic unit only
Vacuum tubes None
Transistors 2,000
Condenser-Diodes 10,000 diodes
Arithmetic mode Parallel-Serial-Parallel
Timing Synchronous
Operation Concurrent
STORAGE
Access
Medium No. of Words No. of Digits Microsec
Ferrite Cores Up to 32,000 Up to 384,000 2.1
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 64 Units
No. of chars per linear inch 533 Chars/inch
No. of decimal digits per linear in. 800 dd/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 10 Tracks/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.66 Inches
Tape speed 120 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 64,000 Chars/sec
Decimal digit transfer rate 96,000 dd/sec
Start time 3.5 Millisec,
Stop time 3.5 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel 30 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 3/4 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet +
leaders
Composition 1.5 mil mylar
INPUT
Media Speed
Punched Cards 240 cards/min
650 cards/min
Paper Tape 200 chars/sec
1,000 chars/sec
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Punched Cards 100 cards/min
250 cards/min
Printer 150 lines/min
900 lines/min
Paper Tape 60 chars/sec
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Diodes 30,000
Transistors 6,000
Above excludes peripheral equipment
CHECKING FEATURES
Verification of all data transmission, arithmetic
processes, address modification, memory selections, and
central processing. Orthotronic correction of tape data
and marginal checking for preventive maintenance.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 32 Kw 57 KVA 0.80 pf
Capacity, air conditioner 9.11 Tons
Weight, computer 15,720 lbs
Requirements for the physical installation of a
typical system are approximately as follows:
Data Processing Area1,200 square feet
Service Engineering Area400 square feet
(including parts storage)
Ceiling Height 8 feet
Floor Load Capacity 75 lbs/square
feet (max)
It is recommended that a raised floor be installed over
the existing base floor for the protection of
interconnecting cables. This floor should be a free-
access type, 9 inches high with a minimum of 5 1/2 inches
clearance underneath for accomodating cables.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Deliveries start in December 1960.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Figures given are for a typical system.
Basic system, including a Central Processor, 4,096 words
of memory, High-Speed Printer Type Control,
High-Speed Card Reader, Six Magnetic Tape Units, High
Speed Card Punch, Printer-Card, Reader-Card
Punch Control.
Purchase price $975,000
Floating-point option 101,800
Additional memory blocks 153,600
(4,096 words/block)
Rental, basic system above, monthly 20,665
Rental, floating point option, monthly 2,100
Rental, additional memory blocks 3,200
Maintenance service contract available.
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BRL 1961, HONEYWELL 800, start page 0297
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PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Personnel requirements depend on equipment configuration
and application. Complete training courses for programming
and operating staff included with purchase and rental
charge.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Each unit and entire system incorporate fail-safe
checking. Special construction techniques minimize cold-
solder ,joints and intermittent contacts. All units are
designed for simplicity of maintenance and speed of
replacement of parts.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include parallel processing, traffic
control, system modularity, outstanding system
reliability, open-ended design, automatic programming aids
(FACT, ARGUS, Algebraic compiler).
Unique system advantages include ability to run up to 8
programs simultaneously without any special programming
or special instructions.
Special procedures for magnetic tape labelling, storing,
shipping, and protection from humidity, temperature,
electrical, fire, or other damage are that relative
humidity in area should be held at approximately 40% to
insure maximum tape life, dry bulb temperature shall not
exceed 74oF, and wet bulb temperature shall not exceed
59oF.
INSTALLATIONS
Army Map Service
6500 Brooks Lane
Washington 25, D. C.
Ames Research Center
Moffett Field, California (Anticipated)
AVCO Corporation
Crosley Division
1329 Arlington Street
Cincinnati 29, Ohio (Proposed)
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BRL 1961, HRB SINGER, start page 0298
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HRB SINGER
Haller Raymond and Brown - Singer Electronic
Memory Computer
MANUFACTURER
Singer Manufacturing Company
HRB-Singer, Incorporated, Subsidiary
Science Park, State College, Pennsylvania
Photo
Photo by HRB - Singer
APPLICATIONS
It will accept numerical information for storage from
either a push button or telephone input. It will readout on
tape, punch tape or cards or vocally. Confirmation of
instructions is obtained so corrections can be made prior to
telling the machine to
proceed.
STORAGE
No. of Access
Medium Words Microsec
Magnetic Drum 1,024 5,000
16 binary digits per word
INPUT
Media Speed
Telephone regular dial telephone
Ten-key Push Button
Telephone can be located any place. Vocal con-
firmation is given.
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Paper Tape 1 line/second
Regular adding machine output
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 0.01 Kw
Volume, computer 5 cu ft
Area, computer 2.25 sq ft
Weight, computer 85 lbs
Nothing is required in the way of site preparation.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date Several
Number in current production Several
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
Price of basic system, including telephone and push
button input, printed paper tape output and
computer $15,000
Additional 1,024 word storage drum 4,000
Monthly rental rate for basic system 400
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Attempted to run time 167 Hours/Week (Average)
Time is available for rent to outside organizations.
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BRL 1961, HRB SINGER, start page 0299
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ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include low cost solution to
critical inventory problems.
INSTALLATIONS
HRB - Singer, Inc.
State College, Pa.
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BRL 1961, HUGHES ADV AIRBORNE III, start page 0300
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HUGHES ADV AIRBORNE III
Hughes Advanced Airborne Computer Model III
MANUFACTURER
Hughes Aircraft Company
Photo
Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company
APPLICATIONS
Control of aircraft and aircraft equipment. In the specific
application for which the computer was built, it performs
navigation, flight control, and weapons control, receiving
target and flight data as inputs and generating flight and
weapons control signals as outputs. The system was
developed for the U. S. Air Force for automatic control use
in high speed aircraft.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 17
Binary digits/instruction 17
Binary digits/instruction
not decoded 2
Instructions per word 1
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Modified two address
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Exclud Stor Access
Microsec
Add time 200
Mult time 1,700
Div time 1,700
Construction Vacuum tubes
Rapid access word registers 3
Basic pulse repetition rate 162 Kc/sec
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous with
magnetic drum
Operation Sequential
STORAGE
Media Words Access Microsec
Magnetic Drum 1,984 3,750 average
Magnetic Drum 8 400 average
Total capacity is 37,648 binary digits.
All programs are coded for minimal latency.
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES ADV AIRBORNE III, start page 0301
|
Photo
Photo by Highes Aircraft Company
INPUT
Medium Speed
Analog D. C. Voltage 200 microsec 0-100V D. C.
Other analog inputs are available. This is used as a
control computer with analog inputs and outputs; however,
paper tape is used as an additional input medium.
OUTPUT
Medium
Analog D. C. Voltage0-100V D. C.
Other analog outputs are available. Magnetic tape
ultimately feeding a Flexowriter is used as an auxiliary
output.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Tubes 481
Crystal diodes 3,364
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 1.5 Kw
Volume, computer 5 cu ft
The arithmetic and control unit of the computer occupies
approximately 0.6 cu ft and weighs 20 lbs.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Ratio of good time to unscheduled down time is
approximately 9.
The computer is part of a complete control system. The
characteristics of the computer is determined by the
characteristics required by the system in which it is to be
used.
The flip flops and diode matrices are mounted on
individual plug-in wafers and standardized as much as
possible so that the bulk of the computer is a multiplicity
of a few basic components. Etched circuits and subminiature
tubes are used throughout.
INSTALLATIONS
Hughes Aircraft Company
Culver City, California
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES BM GUIDANCE, start page 0302
|
HUGHES BM GUIDANCE
Hughes Ballistic Missile Guidance Computer
MANUFACTURER
Hughes Aircraft Company
Digital Systems Department
Photo
Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company
APPLICATIONS
System is a special purpose computer for guidance of
ballistic missiles. It performs steering and
timing calculations for the missile.
STORAGE
No. of No. Of Access
Medium Words Digits Microsec
Magnetic Cores 16 280 625 max.
Wired problem constants and programming.
INPUT
Media Speed
Special Digital 81.6 Kilocycles/sec
Controlled by pre-launch digital computer
Incremental Acceleraneters 800 pulses/sec
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Digital 81.6 Kilocycle/sec To pre-launch computer
Digital 50 Pulses/sec To missile
Pulsed To missile
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 0.030 Kw
Volume, computer 0.4 cu ft
Areas computer 1.1 sq ft
Weight, computer 23 lbs
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES BM GUIDANCE, start page 0303
|
Photo
Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Estimated mean-time-to-failure is greater than 1000 hours.
Above figures based on period from Feb 59 to May 60. Date
this system passed Customer Acceptance Test: Development
Apr 59, Final Jan 60. Time is not available for rent to
outside organizations. Development model was operated
continuously for 2200 hours with no failures.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include small volume, weight, power
dissipation and high reliability. All solid state
components, and replaceable subassemblies.
Adopted procedures for storage, shipping, and protection
from humidity, temperature, and physical, electrical,
fire, or other damages include molded polyurethene pads
between subassemblies for shock absorption and thermal
conductivity.
Special purpose digital differential analyzer, fixed
programmed using "nor" logic elements. Consists of 21 logic
cards, 2 clock cards, 2 input cards, 4 magnetic core cards,
with redundant.etching and connectors and 1 special "shift
drive and oscillator" assembly.
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES D PAT, start page 0304
|
HUGHES D PAT
Hughes Drum Programmed Automatic Tester
MANUFACTURER
Hughes Aircraft Company
Digital Systems Department
Photo
Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company
APPLICATIONS
System is used for automatic testing, checkout, fault
isolation, sequencing and control of missiles, aircraft,
vehicles, and electronic equipment.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 19
Binary digits/instruction 19
Instructions/word 1
Instructions decoded 40
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Modified three address
Number range (1 - 2-18) to - 1
Instruction word format
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
|20|19|18|17|16|15|14|13|12|11|10| 9| 8| 7| 6| 5| 4| 3| 2|
+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+--+
| NEXT CHANNEL | OPERATION AND ADDI- | SECTORS|
| | TIONAL SECTORS TO | TO |
| | DELAY | DELAY |
| +-----------+--------------+ |
| |DESTINATION| SOURCE | |
+--------------------+-----------+--------------+--------+
Automatic built-in subroutines
Operator's console scanning and branching
Visual display output
Printer output
Input selection and measurement
Frequency measurement
Bulk loading from tape
Registers
4 word register for frequency and time interval
measurements
32 word register for digital and analog outputs
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES D PAT, start page 0305
|
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Operation Exclud. Stor. Access
Microsec.
Add 84
Mult 84/bit
Div 84/bit
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-tubes 0
Transistors 975
Diodes 6,300
Magnetic Cores 60
Arithmetic mode Serial
Timing Synchronous, Computer clock pulses re-
corded on magnetic drum memory
Operation Sequential
All times given in table above exclude access time to
command. There are three 1-word accumulators, two 4-word
circulating registers, one 16-word circulating register,
and two 32-word circulating registers. The two's complement
system of arithmetic
is used.
STORAGE
No. of Access
Media Words Microsec
Magnetic Drum 40,640 84 - 26,880
Magnetic Core 3 84
Magnetic Drum 8 84 - 336
Magnetic Drum 16 84 - 1,344
Magnetic Drum 64 84 - 2,688
All stored words are 19 binary digits
INPUT
Media Speed
Analog Voltages 6000 samples/sec
A-C and D-C voltages
Pulse and Analog Volt 0.1 cps to 1 Mcps
Frequency measurements
Off-On Signals 6000 samples/sec
Decimal Keyboard Manual
Paper Tape Reader 400 char/sec
Magnetic Drum Loading
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Contact Closures 40 char/sec
1 to 10 bits/character
Transistor switches 168 microsec/char
1 to 10 bits/character
Decimal readout pane l25 millisec/char
8 decimal digits plus sign
Analog Voltages
Programmable A-C or D-C
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes 0
Diodes (Crystal 5,400
Transistors 1,800
Magnetic Cores 60
CHECKING FEATURES
Set of diagnostic test routines Subunit checking
facilities Single order simulation with toggle
switching Partial program
Built-in test and maintenance equipment. Selftest
program stored in memory to provide complete
verification and fault isolation.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 0.3 Kw 0.3 KVA
Vole, computer 68 cu ft
Area, computer 17 sq ft
Weight, computer 1,800 lbs
No special site preparations required. A 120/208,
3-phase, 4-wire, 400 cps power required.
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES DIGITAIR, start page 0306
|
HUGHES DIGITAIR
Hughes Digital Airborne Computer
MANUFACTURER
Hughes Aircraft Company
Digital Systems Department
Photo
Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company
APPLICATIONS
Computer is used for real-time computing and control in
complex aircraft systems. The computer includes extensive
analog and digital input-output capability. In the
application for which it was designed, the computer performs
automatic aircraft control, navigation, attack steering,
weapon control, intercept computation, data-link processing,
and automatic system testing, for Air Force interceptors. In
this application, the program and input-output are closely
integrated with other electronic and mechanical portions of
the system.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Number binary digits/word 17
Number binary digits/instruction 17
Number instructions/word 1
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Three address
X-Modified
Number range -1 to (+ 1 - 2-17)
Instruction word format
+--------------------+----------------+---------------+
| 9 bits - relative | 4 bits-source | 4 bits-desti- |
| of next order | for data | nation for |
| | transfer | data transfer |
+--------------------+----------------+---------------+
| | 8 bits - instruction other |
| | than data transfer |
+--------------------+--------------------------------+
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES DIGITAIR, start page 0307
|
Automatic built-in subroutines include input conversion
analog, digital data link) and output conversion analog,
digital] (independent of program).
Automatic coding includes conversion from mnemonic code
to memory-loading tapes and program documents, via punched-
card machinery. System is normally programmed in minimum-
latency fashion.
Registers and B-boxes include 3 one-word registers, 2
multiword circulating registers for fast-access storage, 1
multiword circulating register for outputs, and 1 multiword
circulating register for data link.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Operation Incl. Stor. Access Exclud. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 210 105
Mult variable-105 + 105/bit 105 per bit-variable
Div variable-105 + 105/bit 105 per bit-variable
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-tubes 182
Transistors None
Condenser-Diodes 1,926
Magnetic Cores 51
Arithmetic mode Serial
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Media Words Digits Microsec
Magnetic Drum, 13,000 17 Min latency(normal)-104
Pre-recorded Max possible- 12,500
Magnetic Drum, 360 Same Same
Variable
Magnetic Drum 22 Same Min latency - 104
Register Max - 1040 or 1250
Core Shifting 3 104
Registers
INPUT
Media Speed
Voltages (ac and dc) 315 microsec conversion
24 inputs, electronically switched
Pulses (Data Link) 5 KC
On-Off Signals
54 inputs, electronically switched
Inputs available to program on demand
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Voltages (dc) 0.5 sec full scale slew
16 silultaneous outputs
On-Off Signals 10 microsec
Relay Contacts
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes
6814 269 Flip-flops
6021 63 Triode Amps
5639 33 Write Amps
5703 18
5840 16
6110 10
Diodes
90125 257
925002 147
925008 3,827
925010 6
925011 52
Diodes are Hughes type
Transistors 0
Magnetic Cores 51
CHECKING FEATURES
Checking features include a fully automatic selftest
program, remotely initiatable, making use of built-in self-
test features. Semi-automatic diagnostic program
diagnoses faults to one or two units. External
equipment (ground-based) used for detailed diagnosis in
conjunction with semi-automatic diagnostic program.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Volume, computer 3.2 cu ft
Volume, input-output 3.3 cu ft
Weight, computer 122 lbs
Weight, input-output 178 lbs
Weight, total 300 lbs
System mounted in aircraft electronics racks
PRODUCTION RECORD
Computer is in large scale production
Several hundred have been produced
Several hundred are on order
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Designed for operation and maintenance in unfavor-
able environments by military personnel with relatively
little training.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Total system time approximately 30,000 hours to date.
Mean time to failure approximately 60 hours, including
input/output.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
outstanding features include the utilization of vacuum
tubes and semiconductor diodes, very high
maintainability, modified 2-address code designed for
minimum-latency programming, serial fixedpoint
arithmetic, programmer can control input selection.
INSTALLATIONS
Various U. S. Air Force Bases
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES LRI X, start page 0308
|
HUGHES LRI X
Hughes LRI X Computer AN/ASG 18
MANUFACTURER
Hughes Aircraft Company
Digital Systems Department
Photo
Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company
APPLICATIONS
System is used for real-time computing and control in
complex aircraft systems. Computer includes advanced
displays and extensive analog and digital input-output
capability. In the application for which it was designed,
the computer performs inertial and non-inertial navigation,
weapon control, attack computations, data-link processing,
intercept computations, and automatic tests of over-all
system, for Air Force interceptors. In this application, the
program and input-output are closely integrated with other
electronic and mechanical apparatus in the over-all system.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 19
Binary digits/instruction 19
Instruction/word 1
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction Modified three address
Number range
-1 to (1 - 2-18)
Instruction word format
+-----------------+---------------+---------------+-----------+
| 9 bits | 5 bits source | 3 bits source | 2 bits |
|relative address | of operand | of operand | func- |
|of next order | No. 1 | No. 2 and | tion |
| | | destination | |
+-----------------+---------------+---------------+-----------+
This structure applies to add, subtract, input,
output, clear and absolute value. Other orders have
slightly different structures.
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES LRI X, start page 0309
|
Automatic built-in subroutines include input conversion
(analog, digital, incremental, data link); output
conversion (analog, digital, data link); real time count;
frequency measurement (Independent of program).
Automatic coding includes conversion from simplified
mnemonic code to memory-loading tapes and program
documents, via IBM data processing machinery.
Registers include 4 one-word registers, 3 multiword
circulating registers for fast-access storage, 2 multiword
circulating registers for analog and digital outputs, 3
multiword circulating registers for data link processing,
1 multiword circulating register for frequency count, and
1 multiword circulating register for incremental inputs
and real time count.
The system uses four-phase logic and is normally
programmed in minimum-latency fashion.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 84 84 (3 address code)
Mult variable-84 + 84/bit variable-84 per bit
Div variable-84 + 84/bit variable-84 per bit
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum tubes none
Transistors 810
Arithmetic mode Serial
STORAGE
No. of Access
Media Words Microsec
Magnetic Drum, 40,960 Minimum Latency (normal)
Pre-recorded 84
Maximum possible - 25,000
Magnetic Drum, 1,280 Same
Variable
Magnetic Drum 188 Minimum Latency - 84
Registers Maximum varies 84 to 1,700
INPUT
Media Speed
Voltages (ac and dc)200 microsec/conversion
64 inputs, electronically switched
Pulses (incremental and 5 KC
data link)
On-Off Signals 130 inputs, electronically
switched
Operator Controls (Analog
and Digital)
Frequencies 100 KC
Inputs available to program on demand.
OUTPUT
Media Speed
Voltages (dc) 0.7 sec. full scale slew
On-Off Signals (Toggles)
100 ma., 28 v.
Shaft Positions 80 steps/second
Operator Displays
(Analog and Digital)
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Transistors 1,683
CHECKING FEATURES
Checking features include fully automatic self-test
program including marginal test, remotely initiatable,
making use of built-in self-test features. Automatic self-
diagnosis to unit level. Diagnostic program to aid more
detailed diagnosis. External ground-based test equipment
for detailed diagnosis, in conjunction with diagnostic
program.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 0.850 Kw
Volume, computer 2.1 cu ft
Volume, input-output excl displays 1.7 cu ft
Weight, computer 135 lbs
Weight, input-output 50 lbs
Weight, total 185 lbs
System is mounted in aircraft
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
System is designed for operation and maintenance in
unfavorable environments by military personnel with
relatively little training.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Total system time is approximately 3000 hours to date. Mean-
time-to-failure approximately 150 hours including input-
output.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include semiconductor circuits, very
high maintainability, modified 3-address code designed to
facilitate minimum-latency programing, serial fixed-point
arithmetic, input-output flexibly accessible to program.
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES M 252, start page 0310
|
HUGHES M 252
Hughes M-252 Digital Computer
MANUFACTURER
Hughes Aircraft Company
Digital Systems Department
Photo
Photo by Hughes Aircraft Company
APPLICATIONS
The computer is currently being produced for use as a
guidance computer to be used in a Minneapolis-Honeywell
Inertial Guidance System for the Fairchild SD-5 Surveillance
Drone. In this capacity, it aligns the platform, sets drift
trims, performs the Schuler tuning of the platform,
navigates the drone throughout the surveillance mission,
turns sensors on and off, and feeds positional information
to the data processor for proper identification of
photographs.
A modified version of the computer is being designed
for installation in a standard relay rack to be used as a
ground based computer for space probe guidance.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 20
Binary digits/instruction 10
Number instructions/word 2
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type One-address
Number range -1 <- N < 1
Instruction word format
+----------+--------------------+----------------+
| X X | X X X X X X | X X |
| W W | Operation Code | Next Channel |
+----------+--------------------+----------------+
+------------+----------------+------------------+
| XXXXX | X | XXXX |
| WW | Left Right | Channel Group |
+------------+----------------+------------------+
(Second word of 2 word order when used
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES M 252, start page 0311
|
M252 FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
Chart by Hughes Aircraft Company
Registers include 3 - 1 word register for arith-
metic operation, and 1 - 10 word register for short
term temporary storage.
1 - 6 word register and 1 - 30 word register are
used for Input-Output only.
4 temporary number storage channels are used.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Exclud. Stor. Access
Microsec. Microsec.
Add 264 88
Mult 1144 968
Div 2112 1936
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-tubes 0
Transistors 750 Primarily 2N697, 2N1132,
and 2N1253
Diodes 3000
Magnetic Cores 66
Arithmetic mode Serial
STORAGE
No. of Access
Medium Words Microsec
Magnetic Drum 2,640 88
Access time is minimum
An additional 14 channels of 60 words axe used for
input-output registers, temporary storage, word-origin
origin track, clock pulse tracks, and spare channels.
A fixed head drum has been used in this application
for maximum reliability.
INPUT
Media Speed Remarks
2 Serial Digital 250 KC
3 Incremental 3600 sec (max.)Pulses
6 Switching Program Control
2 A-C 0 to 8 V
3 D-C -8 V to +8 V
Timing Reference 400 cps
DC conversion accuracy +- 0.3 percent.
|
BRL 1961, HUGHES M 252, start page 0312
|
OUTPUT
Media Speed Remarks
1 Serial Digital 250 KC
3 Incremental 1800 sec Torquing Commands
10 Switching Program Control
11 D-C Continuous -8v to +8V
D-C conversion accuracy
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes 0
Diodes 4,000
Transistors 1,100
Magnetic Cores 66
CHECKING FEATURES
Prior to use, the computer is checked by a selftest
program of 70 seconds duration.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, system 0.37 Kw0.46 KVA 0.8 pf
Volume, system 2.13 cu ft
Capacity, air conditioner 2.3 lbs/min cooling
in at 110oF
Weight, system 85 lbs
Above figures include power supply and input-output
equipment. Central computer is 1.3 cu ft and 53 lbs.
Computer is designed for airborne installation. A
test control unit and drum record unit are required for
loading the drum and checking the computer prior to
flight.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE,
AND TIME AVAILABILITY
Date this system passed Customer Acceptance Test
14 April 60
Estimated mean-time-to-failure is greater than 400 hours.
The limited experience to date tends to bear this out.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include design for 5G vibrations
without isolators. Operates over temperature range from -
67OF to +185oF. All modules are repairable.
Unique system advantages includes high accuracy
navigation performance in conjunction with a high
quality inertial platform.
FUTURE PLANS
Versions of this computer have been proposed for several
applications. A contract has been received for a relay
rack version to serve as a ground based computer for space
probe guidance.
INSTALLATIONS
System is for field use in the Fairchild SD-5 Drone.
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