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| BRL 1964, BRLESC, starting page 0036
|
BRLESC
Ballistic Research Laboratories Electronic Scientific Computer
MANUFACTURER
Ballistic Research Laboratories
Photo by U.S. Army
APPLICATIONS
Exterior ballistics problems such as high altitude,
solar and lunar trajectories, computation for the preparation of
firing tables and guidance control data for Ordnance
weapons, including free flight and guided missiles.
Interior ballistic problems, including projectile,
propellant and launcher behavior, e.g. physical characteristics of
solid propellants, equilibrium composition and thermodynamic
properties of rocket propellants, computation of
detonation waves for reflected shock waves, vibration of
gun barrels and the flow of fluids in porous media.
Terminal ballistic problems, including nuclear, fragmentation
and penetration effects in such areas as explosion
kinetics, shaped charge behavior, ignition, and heat transfer.
Ballistic measurement problems, including photogrammetric,
ionospheric, and damping of satellite
spin calculations, reduction of satellite doppler tracking
data, and computation of satellite orbital elements.
Weapon systems evaluation problems, including antiaircraft
and anti-missile evaluation, war game proproblems,
linear programming for solution of Army logistical problems,
probabilities of mine detonations, and lethal area and
kill probability studies of missiles.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
(2's complement)
Binary digits/word 68 + 1+ parity
Binary digits/instruction 68
Instructions/word 1
Instructions/decoded 44
Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
Instruction type Three-address
| BRL 1964, BRLESC, starting page 0037
|
Photo by U.S. Army
Instruction word format
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| 4 | 4 | 6 | 14 | 6 | 14 | 6 | 14 |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
| Order | Para- | Index | a-Ad- | Index | b-Ad- | Index | y-Ad |
| type | meter | a | dress | b | dress | c | dress |
+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
Number word format Fixed Point
+-----+------+--------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 1 | 4 6o |
+-----+------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Tag | Sign | Binary |
| | | Point |
+-----+------+--------------------------------------------------+
Number word format Floating Point
+-----+------+--------------------------------------------------+
| 3 | 1 | 4 52 | 8 |
+-----+------+--------------------------------------------------+
| Tag | Sign | Binary Coefficient | Biased |
| | | Point | Exp of 16 |
+-----+------+--------------------------------------------------+
Registers and B-Boxes
The machine has 63-one microsecond access index registers
which are also addressable as part of the memory.
The parameter bits of the instruction word are used to
indicate variations of the basic order type.
All three arithmetic registers are 68-bits. Tag bits
enter these registers only on the logical instructions
and the shift instruction if it is cyclic or is a
Boolean shift. On arithmetic orders, the tag bits are saved
in a separate three-bit register and the three extra
bits in the arithmetic registers are used for
checking overflow. Thus the range of numbers in the
arithmetic unit is -128 <= N <128. Memory position 000 is a
high-speed register.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Microseconds
Operation Excl. Access Incl. Access
Fixed point add or subtract 1 5
Fixed or floating multiply 20 25
Fixed or floating divide 60 65
Floating add or subtract 1 to 5 5 to 10
Boolean logic operation 1 5
Indexing and control NA 4 to 9
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
The arithmetic unit is constructed of standard vacuum tube
logical packages, with tube driven, crystal diode
logical gating. The arithmetic unit only is constructed
of 1,727 vacuum tubes of 4 types, 853 transistors of 3
types, 46,500 diodes of 2 types, and 1,600 pulse
transformers of 1 type.
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous
Logical events are controlled by a five-phase clock,
permitting decisions at 5 megacycles/second.
Operation Concurrent
Indexing and control will be concurrent with arithmetic operations.
| BRL 1964, BRLESC, starting page 0038
|
The IBM 1401 ADDS used as a Photo by U.S. Army
satellite system for the BRLESC.
Except for arithmetic or Boolean compare instructions,
the test overflow instructions with P33 = 1,
or any arithmetic order that stores in any index
register or stores in the location of the next instruction,
the machine always gets its next instruction from the memory
while it is doing the previous instruction. If this next
instruction is one of the control and indexing orders,
it is immediately done, unless it is an input-output order or a
test overflow order. If it is done, it proceeds to get
another instruction and do it, if possible. Thus almost all of the
control and indexing orders can be done concurrently with
the arithmetic or logical orders. Only the arithmetic
and logical orders require the use of the main arithmetic
unit of the machine.
All types of input-output orders can be done concurrently
with other instructions. Automatic interlocks are
provided so as to prevent timing conflict. Reference to
a main memory position within the range of either an input
or output instruction will halt the computer until the
input or output transfer has occurred at that memory
position. The computer is released as soon as the transfer
of that particular word has been made and does not
wait for the entire transfer to be completed.
There is no interlock on the index memory when it
is used as index registers.
As many as five input-output orders can be operating concurrently
with computing and with each other. There is a
separate trunk for reading cards, punching cards,
using drum, and two separate trunks for using magnetic tape
and all five of these trunks can operate concurrently.
STORAGE
No. of Digits/ Cycle Time
Medium Words Word Microsec
Magnetic Core (Main) 53,248 72 binary 1
Magnetic Core (Index) 63 24 binary 1
Magnetic Drums (Two) 24,576
Magnetic Tapes (Six)
No. of units that can be connected 16 Units
No. of bits/linear inch/channel 400 Bits/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 16 Track/tape
Blank tape separating each record 2.5 Inches
Tape speed 150 Inches /Sec
Transfer rate 120,000 Chars/sec
Start time 6.3 Millisec
Stop time 7.6 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 60 Seconds
| BRL 1964, BRLESC, starting page 0039
|
Physical properties of tape
Width 1.0 Inch
Length of reel 2,500 Feet
Composition 0.43 Magnetic coating
220 Mil
Provision is made for up to 1,048,576 words of high speed memory and system
can be expanded to 16 tape stations.
INPUT
Medium Speed
Card Reader 800 cards/min
Magnetic Tape
OUTPUT
Medium Speed
Card Punch 250 cards/min
Magnetic Tape
Peripheral equipment. A single unit that is capable of converting
alphanumerical characters from cards to tape,
tape to high-speed printer, tape to cards, cards to high-speed printer and
paper to magnetic tape. An IBM 1401 System has been added.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes
5847 6,400
6197 110
6C4 110
6AQ5 220
Misc 80
Total 6,920
Diodes
LD70/CTP309 12,600
LD71 100,000
Misc 13,700
Total 126,300
Transistors
2N697 600
2N1143 240
2N398 1,600
Misc 24,753
Total 27,193
CHECKING FEATURES
Code checking features include stopping on any selected address, the
display of the contents of any memory cell, the display of normal or
abnormal conditions, the ability to manually store in any selected
memory cell, and the ability to transfer control to any part of the
system. Parity checking is performed in each of the four 17-bit groups
in each word.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computing system 35 Kw
Power, air conditioner 20 Kw
Space, computing system Plenum is 30 ft x 40 ft
Space, air conditioner
Chilled water is sent two flights up to computer site to heat exchanger,
transferring heat from computer closed loop air to closed loop chilled water.
On ground floor, compressor refrigerant absorbs heat from chilled water. An
evaporative system absorbs heat from refrigerant in a cooling tower.
Compressor located two floors below. Liquid coolant piped upstairs.
Heat exchanger, computer closed-loop air-to-coolant at computer site,
and coolant-to-outside air downstairs.
Capacity, air conditioner 25 Tons
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number of systems produced to date 1
Operational date November 1961
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
The approximate cost is $3,000,000
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Three 8-Hour Shifts
Supervisors 2
Analysts 3
Programmers and Coders 18
Clerks 1
Engineers 2
Technicians 6
No engineers are assigned to the operation of the machhine, but are used
for development and design of additions to the machine. The technicians
consult the engineers when a total break-down occurs.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
A high degree of reliability is achieved by utilizing standard logical
plug-in packages, a ruggedized, long life, driver tube, derated components
and point-to-point soldered connections, and by changing tubes.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES
A significant digit mode of floating point operations is provided in
addition to the normalized mode.
INSTALLATIONS
Computing Laboratory, Ballistic Research Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving
Ground, Maryland
| BRL 1964, B260/B270/B280, starting page 0040
|
BURROUGHS B260/B270/B280
MANUFACTURER
Burroughs Corporation
Burroughs B260 Photo by Burroughs Corporation
APPLICATIONS
Business data processing applications.
B260 is an improved punched card EDP. The system can combine in a single
run collating, calculating, summarizing, summary punching and printing
operations which presently require multiple runs on conventional
punched card equipment.
B270 Financial EDP System provides a combination of MICR, punched. card,
paper tape and magnetic tape capabilities adaptable for every type of
financial application. The system can be used for proof and transit,
general-purpose financial accounting, or as a satellite to a larger system.
B280 EDP-System. This syetem combines high-speed magnetic tape units with
high-speed punched card and paper tape capabilities. It can function as
a low cost EDP system or as an off-line satellite for large scale
computer systems.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word Character machine
Decimal digits/instruction, 12, 6-bit characters
Instructions/word 3
Instructions decoded 42
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Three address
Number range 12 character operands
Instruction word format
+-------+-------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 6 | 7 9 | 10 12 |
+-------+-------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| OP | M | N | AAA | BBB | CCC |
+-------+-------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Oper- | Vari- | Vari- | A-Address | B-Address | C-Address |
| ation | ant | ant | | | |
+-------+-------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
Automatic coding
Report generators
Multiprocessing package
Assembler
Tape sort generator
Utility routines
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access
Microsec
Add 10 4 + 4 (M + N) + 5L
Mult 10 3 + 6N + 21MN
Div 10 (M + 1 + M - N)(48 + 6 ON)
Arithmetic mode Serial
M & N variants of instruction.
Add - M & N = number of digits in operands,
Multiple - M = mumber of digits in multiplicand,
N = number of digits in multiplier.
Divide - M = number of digits in dividend,
N = number of digits in divisor.
Timing Asynchronous
Operation Sequential
Simultaneous program operation with multiprocessing
software.
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Characters Digits Microsec
Magnetic Core 4,800 4,800 10
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 6 Units
No. of chars/linear inch of tape 555.5 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
| BRL 1964, B260/B270/B280, starting page 0041
|
Burroughs B 270 Photo by Burroughs Corporation
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 90 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 18,000/50,000 Chars/sec
Start time 6.7 Millisec
Stop time 7.1 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 25 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Heavy-Duty Mylar
The magnetic tape is compatible with the IBM 727, 729, and 7330 tape units.
Tape rewind speed is 320 inches/second.
Dual gap read-write heads provide lateral and longitudinal
parity checking.
INPUT
Medium Model Speed
Card Reader B 122 200 cards/min
Card Reader B 124 800 cards/min
(1 or 2 possible in system.
Paper Tape Readers B 141 500 chars/min
1,000 chars/min
(1 or 2 possible in system).
Sorter-Reader B 102/103 1,600 items/min
(Speed for flow mode. 1 possible in system.
The cards are read photo-electrically. 51, 61, or 80 column cards in B 124
Card Reader, 80 columns only in the B 122 Card Reader.
Can process MLP cards and post card thicknesses. Cards
are read serially by character.
OUTPUT
Medium Model Speed
Card Punch B 303 100 cards/min
Card Punch B 304 300 cards/min
(1 punch available in system.
Line Printer B 321
Single space 700 lines/min
Double space 650 lines/min
(2 printers available in system.
Multiple Tape Lister B 322 1,565 lines/min
(2 listers available/system).
Paper Tape Punch B 341 100 chars/min
(1 available in system.
The above listed peripherals use buffered operation permitting independent
operation. The Line Printer Buffer is loaded in 1.3 millisec.
The Multiple-Tape Lister Buffer is loaded in 0.7 millisec.
All other units use buffers located in the processor.
The Line Printer carriage skip speed is 25 to 40 inches/second controlled
by a 12-channel punched carriage tape. The horizontal spacing is
10 chars inch, the vertical spacing is 6 or 8 lines/inch.
The paper tape used is 5, 6, 7, or 8 level tape. Any code may be translated.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes 0
Magnetic Cores 5,044 (Usable)
CHECKING FEATURES
Fixed Core - each character checked for parity.
Magnetic Tape - lateral and longitudinal parity check.
Card Reader - validity check on all characters.
Printer - parity and sychronization check.
Card punch - hole and row count check.
Paper Tape Reader - parity check on all characters.
Paper Tape Punch - Validity check.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE. PREPARATION
Power, computer system 13.4 - 36.0 KVA
Dependent on system configuration.
Volume, computer system 247 - 2,076 cu ft
Area, computer system 59 - 423 sq ft
Room size
23 ft 6 in x 20 ft 6 in to 27ft 6 in x 27 ft 9 in
Floor loading 30 lbs
500 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner 2.7 - 7.5 Tons
Weight, computer system 6,073 - 14,190 lbs
Site preparation requirements
Temperature range - 72o F, + 8 - 7oF.
Relative Humidity - 50°% + 10%
The data processing rooms should be of adequate size to functionally layout
the system units to achieve optimum operating efficiency.
| BRL 1964, B260/B270/B280, starting page 0042
|
Burroughs B 280 Photo by Burroughs Corporation
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 278
Number in current operation 278
Number in current production 200
Number on order 200
Anticipated production rate 18/month
Time required for delivery 3 to 6 months
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
A complete checking and testing of the equipment is made before release to
the customer. The system is deigned for easy maintenance.
Completely equipped and educated field engineering personnel for preventive
maintenance and support.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
COMPONENTS OF BASIC SYSTEM COST OF COMPONENTS
B-260 B-270 B-280
B260/B27O/B28O Processor $ 51,000 $ 56,100 $ 55,475
B124 Card Reader 15,200 15,200 15,200
B304 Card Punch 27,000 27,000 27,000
B321 Line Printer 49,800 49,800 49,800
TOTAL $ 143,000 $ 148,100 $ 147,475
Additional equipment.:
B102/B103 Sorter-Reader 68,000
B341 Paper Tape Punch 9,500
B122 Card Reader 8,800
B303 Card Punch 18,000
B322 Multiple Tape Lister 66,400
B421 Magnetic Tape 26,600
B141 Paper Tape Reader 16,800
MONTHLY RENTAL COST
B-260 B-270 B-280
B260/B270/B280 Processor $ 1,500 $ 1,650 $ 1,585
B124 Card Reader $400
B304 Card Punch 650
B321 Line Printer 1,200
2,250 2,250 2,250
TOTAL $ 3,750 $ 3,900 $ 3,835
Additional equipment:
B102/B103 Sorter-Reader $ 2,000
B322 Multiple Tape Lister 1,600
B122 Card Reader 220
B421 Magnetic Tape 700
B341 Paper Tape Punch 190
B303 Card Punch 450
B141 Paper Tape Reader 400
| BRL 1964, B260/B270/B280, starting page 0043
|
COMPONENTS OF SYSTEM MAINTENANCE SERVICE CONTRACTING
0-36 mos. 37-72 mos. 73-108 mos.
B260/ Processor $ 90 $ 96 $ 102
B270 Processor 95 102 109
B280 Processor 90 96 102
B124 Card Reader 90 96 102
B304 Card Punch 90 96 102
B321 Line Printer 150 160 170
B102/B103 Sorter-Reader 450 482 516
B122 Card Reader 35 38 41
B303 Card Punch 55 59 63
B322 Multiple Tape Lister 255 273 291
B421 Magnetic Tape Unit 130 139 148
B141 Paper Tape Reader 60 64 68
B341 Paper Tape Punch 30 32 34
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour
Shift Shifts Shifts
Supervisors 1 2 3
Analysts 3 3 4
Programmers 3 4 5
Clerks 1 1 1
Operators 1 2 3
Engineers 1 2 3
Technicians 1/2 3/4 1
In-Output Oper. 1 2 2
Training is made available by the manufacturer to the user.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include multiprocessing through use of software
routine supplied by Burroughs, ease of programming, compatibility
with other systems, dual readers and printers, proven performance
and less time per job.
FUTURE PLANS
The new B263/B273/B283 Series will feature faster operation, new commands,
high-speed tapes, data communications, disk file, supervisory printer,
and a larger memory to be available early in 1964.
| BRL 1964, B263/8273/B283, starting page 0044
|
BURROUGHS B263/8273/B283
MANUFACTURER
Burroughs Corporation
APPLICATIONS
Business data processing applications.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Characters/word One
Characters/instruction 12
Instructions decoded 54
Arithmetic system Fixed point
Instruction type Three address
Number range 12 character operands
Instruction word format
+-------+-------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 6 | 7 9 | 10 12 |
+-------+-------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| OP | M | N | AAA | BBB | CCC |
+-------+-------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Oper- | Vari- | Vari- | A-Address | B-Address | C-Address |
| ation | ant | ant | | | |
+-------+-------+-------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
Automatic coding
Report generators
Multiprocessing package
Assembler
Tape sort generator
Utility routines
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access
Microsec
Add 7 4 + 4 (M + N) + 5L
Mult 7 3 + 6N + 21MN
Div 7 (M + 1 + M - N)(48 + 6 ON)
Arithmetic mode Serial
M & N = M & N variants of instruction. L = the longer of the two.
Add - M & N = number of digits in operands,
Multiple - M = mumber of digits in multiplicand,
N = number of digits in multiplier.
Divide - M = number of digits in dividend,
N = number of digits in divisor.
Timing Asynchronous
Operation Sequential
Simultaneous program operation with multiprocessing
software.
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Characters Digits Microsec
Magnetic Core 4,800 4,800 7
or 9,600 or 9,600
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 6 Units
No. of chars/linear inch of tape 555.5 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 90 or 120 Inches/sec
Transfer rate
18,000; 50,000; 24,000; 66,600 Chars/second
Start time 6.7 - 6.8 Millisec
Stop time 7.1 - 4.2 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 25 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Heavy-Duty Mylar
The tapes are IBM compatible. Tape rewind speed is 320 inches/sec. Dual gap
read-write heads provide lateral and longitudinal parity checking.
Binary read and write is used.
INPUT
Medium Model Speed
Card Reader B 122 200 cards/min
Card Reader B 124 800 cards/min
(1 or 2 possible in system).
Paper Tape Readers B 141 500 chars/min
1 000 chars/min
(1 or 2 possible in system .
Sorter-Reader B 102-103 1,600 items/min
(Speed for flow mode. 1 possible in system).
The cards are read photo-electrically. 51, 61, or 80 column cards
in B 124 Card Reader, 80 columns only in the B 122 Card Reader.
Can process MLP cards and post card thicknesses. Cards
are read serially by character.
OUTPUT
Medium Model Speed
Card Punch B 303 100 cards/min
Card Punch B 304 300 cards/min
(1 punch available in system).
Line Printer B 321
Single space 700 lines/min
Double space 650 lines/min
(2 printers available in system).
Multiple Tape Lister B 322 1,565 lines/min
(2 listers available/system).
Paper Tape Punch B 341 100 chars/min
(1 available in system).
The above listed peripherals use buffered operation permitting independent
operation. The Line Printer Buffer is loaded in 1.3 millisec.
The Multiple-tape Lister Buffer is loaded in 0.7 millisec. All other units
use buffers located in the processor.
The Line Printer carriage skip speed is 25 to 40 inches/sec. controlled by
a 12-channel punched carriage tape.
The horizontal spacing is 10 chars inch, the vertical spacing is 6 or 8
lines/inch.
The paper tape used 5, 6, 7, or 8 level tape. Any code may be translated.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes 0
Magnetic Cores 9,844 (Usable)
CHECKING FEATURES
Fixed Core - each character checked for parity.
Magnetic Tape - lateral and longitudinal parity check.
Card Reader - validity check on all characters.
Printer - parity and sychronization check.
Card punch - hole and row count check.
Paper Tape Reader - parity check on all characters.
Paper Tape Punch - Validity check.
| BRL 1964, B263/8273/B283, starting page 0045
|
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE. PREPARATION
Power, computer system 13.4 - 36.0 KVA
Dependent on system configuration.
Volume, computer system 247 - 2,076 cu ft
Area, computer system 59-- 423 sq ft
Room size
23 ft 6 in x 20 ft 6 in to 27 ft 6 in x 27 ft 9 in
Floor loading 30 lbs
500 lbs concen max
Capacity, air conditioner 2.7 - 7.5 Tons
Weight, computer system 6,073 - 14,190 lbs
Site preparation requirements
Temperature range - 72o F, + 8 - 7o F.
Relative Humidity - 50% + 10%
The data processing rooms should be of adequate size to functionally
layout the system units to achieve optimum operating efficiency.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Scheduled for delivery in 1964
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
One 8-Hour Two 8-Hour Three 8-Hour
Shift Shifts Shifts
Supervisors 1 2 3
Analysts 3 3 4
Programmers 3 4 5
Clerks 1 1 1
Operators 1 2 3
Engineers 1 2 3
Technicians 1/2 3/4 1
In-Output Oper 1 2 2
Training is made available by the manufacturer to the user.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
A complete checking and testing of the equipment is made
before release to the customer. The system is designed
for easy maintenance.
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
COMPONENTS OF BASIC SYSTEM COST OF COMPONENTS
B263/B273/B283 Processor $ 54,400 $ 62,900 $ 62,475
B124 Card Reader 15,200 15,200 15,200
B303 Card Punch 27,000 27,000 27,000
B321 Line Printer 44,800 49,800 49,800
--------- -------- --------
TOTAL $ 146,400 $ 154,900 $154,475
Additional equipment same as B260/B 270/B280 listed below:
B102/B103 Sorter-Reader - B341 Paper Tape Punch $ 68,000 -9,500
B122 Card Reader - B303 Card Punch 8,800 - 18,000
B322 Multiple Tape Lister - B 421 Magnetic Tape 66,400 - 26,600
B141 Paper Tape Reader 16,800 -
PLUS the following:
B495 Supervisory Printer $ 15,200
B422 Magnetic Tape Unit (max. 6) 33,200
B466 Additional 4,800 character memory 18,700
MONTHLY RENTAL COST
B263/B273/B283 Processor $ 1,600 $ 1,850 $ 1,785
B124,B304,B321 Card Reader/Card Punch/Line Printer
$400/650/1,200 2,250 2,250 2,250
----- ----- -----
$ 3,850 4,100 4,035
Additional equipment same as B260/B270/B280 listed below:
B102/B103 Sorter-Reader - B322 Multiple Tape Lister $ 2,000 1,600
13122 Card Reader - 13421 Mag. Tape 13341- Paper Tape Punch 220 700 190
13303 Card Punch- 13141 Paper Tape Reader 450 400
PLUS the following:
B495/B422/B466 Supervis. Printer/Mag. Tape Unit/Addit. Memory 400 800 550
MAINTENANCE SERVICE CONTRACTING
0-36 mos. 37-72 mos. 7--108 mos.
B263/B273/B283 Processor $ 93/107/100 $100/115/107 $107/123/115
B124 Card Reader 60 64 68
B304 Card Punch 90 96 102
B321 Line Printer 150 160 170
B102/B103 Sorter-Reader 450 482 516
B122 Card Reader 35 38 41
B303 Card Punch 55 59 63
B322 Multiple Tape Lister 255 273 291
B421 Magazine Tape Unit 130 139 148
B141 Paper Tape Reader 60 64 68
B341 Paper Tape Punch 30 32 34
PLUS the following:
B495 Supervisory Printer 30 32 34
B422 Magnetic Tape Unit 125 134 143
B466 Additional 4,800 Memory 16 17 20
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include multiprocessing
through use of software routine supplied by Burroughs,
ease of programming, compatibility with other systems,
dual readers and printers, proven performance and
less time per job.
The system contain all the advantages of the B 260,
B 270, and B 280, plus larger core memory, increased
speed, added or modified instructions, higher tape
speed, disk file, data communication, supervisory printer
and overseas compatibility.
FUTURE PLANS
Data Communications and Disk File abilities early in 1964.
| BRL 1964, BURROUGHS B5000, starting page 0046
|
BURROUGHS B5000
MANUFACTURER
Burroughs Corporation
Photo by Burroughs Corporation
APPLICATIONS
General purpose computing, on-line and real-time uses.
Scientific and data processing applications. Capable of trap
or interrupt on receipt of external signal.
Second processor module optional for true parallel processing.
Either or both processors will time-share two or more relocatable,
segmented programs using relocatable data storage areas.
Simultaneous read-writecompute on two or more channels;
read-compute or writecompute possible on one channel.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary coded decimal
Decimal digits/word 48 +1 (parity)
Decimal digits/instruction 12 (word or char. mode)
Instructions/word 4
Instructions decoded 54 (word or char. mode)
7 for control state under Master Control Program.
Arithmetic system Floating point
39 bit coefficient, 6 bit exponent, 1 bit coefficient,
1 bit exponent, 1 flag bit.
Fixed point 39 bits/word
Other,floating point coefficient represented same as
fixed point number, made possible by signed exponent.
Same arithmetic orders (except divide) are used for fixed
and floating numbers. Double precision operation codes.
Instruction type
The B-5000 may be likened to a zero-address system,
i.e. the instructions are independent of storage addresses.
Operations are performed on contents of stack registers.
6-bit repeat field in character mode, 10-bit data or
operational field in word mode.
Number range
Fixed point - (1- 2-39) to (239- 1)
Floating point 8 -51 < n < 8 +76
Instruction word format
Word Mode (4 instructions/word)
+-------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+
| Inst No. 1 | No. 2 | No. 3 | No. 4 |
+---------+---+-------+---+-------+---+-------+---+
| 10 Bits | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 2 |
+---------+---+-------+---+-------+---+-------+---+
| a | b | a | b | a | b | a | b |
+---------+---+-------+---+-------+---+-------+---+
a - OP Code or Data Literal
b - Syllable Type Code:
00 - Operator
01 - Literal
10 - Operand Call
11 - Descriptor Call
| BRL 1964, BURROUGHS B5000, starting page 0047
|
Photo by Burroughs Corporation
Character Mode (4 instructions/word)
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| Inst. No. 1 | Inst. No. 2 | Inst. No. 3 | Inst. No. 4 |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| 6 Bits | 6 Bits | 6 Bits | 6 Bits | 6 Bits | 6 Bits | 6 Bits | 6 Bits |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
| a | b | a | b | a | b | a | b |
+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+
a - Repeat or Count Field
b - OP Code
Automatic built-in subroutines
BCD to binary conversion, in either direction.
No fixed point to floating point conversion routines
in either direction required.
Automatic coding
Master control program (MCP) on required drum is
partially loaded to core at start. This routine
schedules jobs automatically to maximize system produc-
tivity (unless over-ridden by an optional priority.)
Time-sharing programs in CPU when possible. True
parallel processing possible through MCP with optional
second processor. MCP handles all interrupt con-
ditions and makes ALGOL-60 or COBOL compilers avail-
able. For multi-processing (time sharing), segments
from any independent programs may be in core simul-
taneously. Jobs need not be specifically programmed
for multi and/or parallel processing.
Registers and B-Boxes
No Index Registers required by internal logic of
processor. A + B registers in stack are used during
arithmetic computation. 13 more registers (per
processor) are used for instruction address, character
and bit position, etc.
Items in data arrays are obtained and stored through
use of data descriptor containing base address of
array, incremented by array subscript. A check
occurs to insure that items are fetched from or
stored within the limiting array addresses. Pro-
gramming is not required for the feature.
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microseconds Microseconds
Fixed Pt. Floating Pt. Fixed Pt. Floating Pt.
Add 9 (Avg) 13 2 4
Mult 30 (Avg) - 19 -
Div 61 (Avg) - 20 -
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Solid-state logic in processors, including registers.
Arithmetic Mode Serial (by 6-bit BCD char)
Arithmetic Mode Parallel
Addition or subtraction in serial BCD mode when
character operation is used.
Parallel (binary) arithmetic in word mode.
Timing Synchronous
Operation Sequential
Concurrent (via optional second processor)
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Medium Words/Unit Bits/Word Microsec
Magnetic Drum 32,768 48 + 6 (parity) 8,500 (Avg)
(1 unit requred, 2d unit optional)
Coincident Current 4,096 48 + 1 (parity) 3
Magnetic Core (1-8 units)
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 16 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 555.50 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
| BRL 1964, BURROUGHS B5000, starting page 0048
|
Magnetic tape (cont'd)
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 120 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 24,000/66,667 Chars/sec
Start time 5 Millisec
Stop time 5 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 25 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition
Accetate or mylar base, iron oxide coating.
The magnetic tape is compatible with IBM 727, IBM 729,
and IBM 7330 units. Four drum lockout switches,
provided, each protecting 4,096 words on drum storage unit.
Read-write rate of drum is 8.1 microsec/char.
Tape rewind speed is 320 inches/second. Dual gap read-write
heads provides lateral and longitudinal parity checking.
INPUT
Medium Model Speed
Punched Cards B122 200 cards/min
Punched Cards B124 800 cards/min
1 or 2 possible in system; 1 required (Immediate
access clutch).
Paper Tape B141 500 or 1,000 chars/min
1 or 2 possible in system. (Total 3 for reader and punch).
Cards are read photoelectrically. 51, 61, 66 or 80 column
cards may be read on the 800 cards/min. reader, only
80 column cards may be read on the 200 cards minute model.
Can process MLP cards and postcard thickness.
Immediate access clutch maintains high rate of speed.
Character validity check on reader under operator control.
Cards are read serially by columns and readers will accept
column binary cards. Two 6-bit BCD characters/column.
OUTPUT
Medium Model Speed
Punched Cards B304 300 cards/min
Punched Cards B303 100 cards/min
1 punch optional in system. Immediate access clutch.
Line Printers 700 lines/min single space
or 650 lines/min double space
Up to 2 printers optional in system, 120 chars/line.
Supervisory Printer 10 chars/sec (Approx)
1 required (with console).
Plotter 8-20 points/sec
1 optional in system 10" max. ordinate scale.
Optional grid printing. Variable absissa scale.
Paper Tape B341 100 chars/min
1 or 2 possible in system. (Total of 3 for reader and punch .
Line printer carriage skip speed 25 - 40 inches/sec
controlled by 12 channel punched paper carriage tape.
Immediate access print cycle when buffer is filled.
Horizontal spacing of line printer is 10 chars/inch,
vertical spacing either 6 or 8 lines/inch. Printer is buffered,
requiring I/0 channel only 1.5 millisec for buffer transfer.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity
Tubes 0
Diodes 100,000 (Approx)
Transistors 11,000 (Approx)
Magnetic Cores 4,096 x 49 cores/module
The above values are for a system consisting of:
1 Processor
2 Input/Output Channels
4 Memory Modules
CHECKING FEATURES
FIXED: Core - 1 bit/word parity check.
Punch - checks characters punched.
Tape - lateral and longitudinal parity check.
Reader - alphabetical character validity
check under operator control.
Printer - drum synchronization check.
OPTIONAL: DP and blank column detection on card punch.
Punch validity check compares holes punched on
modulo 8 basis and row count.
Master control program recognizes various interrupt
conditions, both processor dependent and processor
independent. Job will be pulled with restart proocedures
when necessary, if programmer has not specified a
possible optional procedure.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Minimum Medium Maximum
Power, computer KVA 29 59 103
Area, computer sq ft 625 900 1,600
Floor loading lbs sq ft 40
(Caster load) lbs concen max 500
Capacity, air conditioner, Tons 6 12 21
Weight, computer lbs 12,000 20,000 29,000
(Small) (Medium) (Large)
Site preparation requirements.
The B5000 should be installed in a free access floor,
otherwise trenches are required.
If a raised floor is utilized, it should also function as a cooling medium.
A false ceiling serves as an ideal method to conceal return duct work.
The customer furnishes and installs a main power disconnect
near the power supply cabinet.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 12
Number in current operation 12
Number on order 24
Anticipated production rates 2/month
Time required for delivery 9 to 12 months
COST, PRICE AND RENTAL RATES
MODEL IDENTITY OF ITEM PURCHASE
B5000 Processor Module $ 265,600
B5282 I/0 Channel Subsystem (1 I/0 chan.) 93,375
(Maximum 4)
B 460 Memory Module (Maximum 8) 51,875
B 430 Storage Drum (Maximum 2) 70,550
B 122 Card Reader 8,800
B 124 Card Reader 15,200
Additional Equipment
B 422 Magnetic Tape Transport (each) 33,200
(Maximum of 16)
B 303 Card Punch 18,000
B 304 Card Punch 27,000
B 321 Line Printer (Maximum of 2) 49,800
MONTHLY RENTAL
B5280 Processor Module 6,400
B5282 I/0 Channel Subsystem 2,250
B 460 Memory Module 1,250
B 430 Storage Drum 1,700
B 122/B124 Card Reader 220/400
TOTAL $11,820 12,000
| BRL 1964, BURROUGHS B5000, starting page 0049
|
MONTHLY RENTAL
B 422 Magnetic Tape Unit $ 800
B 303 Card Punch 450
B 304 Card Punch 650
B 321 Line Printer 1,200
MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT RATES $/MONTH
0-36 mo. 37-72 mo. 73-108 mo.
B5280 Processor Module A $ 180 $ 193 $ 206
B5282 1/0 Channel 80 86 92
B 460 Memory Module 45 48 51
B 430 Storage Drum 50 53 56
B 122 Card Reader 35 38 41
B 124 Card Reader 60 64 68
B 422 Magnetic Tape 125 134 143
Transport
B 303 Card Punch 55 59 63
B 304 Card Punch 90 96 102
B 321 Line Printer 150 160 170
B5281 Processor Module B 105 112 119
PERSONNEL REQUIREMENTS
Requirements in this area are felt to be largely
application-dependent. It is believed that fewer programmers will
be required to maintain a full "load" on the equipment,
because of working at the problemoriented language level.
Due to scheduling and supervision of the physical system
by the master control program, on a large configuration
fewer operating personnel may be required.
Training is made available by the manufacturer to the
user includes a system survey course; B 5000 COBOL,
B 5000 ALGOL-60, and a systems operating course.
Machine language programming classes are not contemplated
for users in general, since virtually all programming
and debugging will be at the problem-oriented language level.
FUTURE PLANS
Use of 800 character/inch tape likely to maintain
compatibility with other systems.
Look-ahead fetch of next program word during execution
of last program syllable of a word.
Disk file subsystem will be available in 1964.
RELIABILITY, OPERATING EXPERIENCE
Unit design contains features from defense computer
systems, whose reliability and availability specifications are
extremely high even for military equipment.
All electronic package types and connectors were tested
exhaustively for proper operation and life under severe
environmental conditions, including shocks, vibration,
and corrosive atmosphere.
Automatic wire-wrap on back - plane assures consistent,
dependable connections.
System modularity allows a defective I/0 channel, Processor,
or Memory to be switched off-line. System operation
continues although at reduced speed, but no re-programming is required.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Polish notation is used for computational logic facilitates
manipulation of operands in stack. Stack logic is a
relative addressing method, providing automatic allocation
of intermediate storage. System features use of
problem-oriented language and an integrated hardware-software
approach, with MCP (master control program for
system scheduling and efficiency).
High program density in core storage. Maximum utilization of
physical system (I/0 and processor). Physical
system is capable of expansion or contraction (over and
above minimum requirement) without reprogramming.
Programs and data fully relocate and independent of
core storage. Any I/0 channel available is usable by an I/0
device.
Standard precautions for core of magnetic tape
including temperature and humidity control and vertical
storage in plastic cases on racks. Tape files are
labelled at beginning for interrogation and recognition by programs.
TYPICAL BURROUGHS B 6000 SYSTEM
one processor six magnetic tape transports
one memory module one high speed card reader
one input/output channel one card punch
one magnetic drum one wideline printer
console keyboard with message printer
MAXIMUM BURROUGHS B 5000 SYSTEM
two processors sixteen magnetic tape transports
eight memory modules two high speed card readers
four input/output channels one card punch
two magnetic drums two wideline printers
console keyboard with message printer
| BRL 1964, BURROUGHS D210, starting page 0050
|
BURROUGHS D210
MANUFACTURER
Burroughs Corporation
Photo by Burroughs Corporation
APPLICATIONS
Real-time, general purpose, control computer, for aircraft,
missile and satellite navigation and control applications.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 24
Binary digits/instruction 16
Instructions/word
Not a homogeneous memory.
Instructions decoded 48
Arithmetic system Fixed-point
(Two's complement).
Instruction Type One address
Number range (integer) 223 - 1 to -223 + 1
Instruction word format
+-----------+---------+---------+
| 1 5 | 6 | 7 16 |
+-----------+---------+---------+
| Operation | Variant | Operand |
| Code | Bit | Address |
+-----------+---------+---------+
Automatic built-in subroutines include multiplication,
division, priority interrupt enter, interrupt return.
Automatic coding Interpreter
Registers and B-Boxes
16 (stored in data memory)
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Incl. Stor. Access Excl. Stor. Access
Microsec Microsec
Add 30 20
Mult 580
Div 680
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-Tubes 0
Transistors 275
Diodes 1,400
Magnetic Cores 800
Resistors 1,000
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous
STORAGE
No. of No. of Access
Words Digits Microsec
Magnetic Core 256 to 24 10
(Ferrite)(DRO) 1,024
Magnetic Core 1,024 to 16 10
(Rope)(NDRO) 16,384
Magnetic Core 256 to 24 10
(Rope)(NDRO) 1,024
| BRL 1964, BURROUGHS D210, starting page 0051
|
Photo by Burroughs Corporation
INPUT
Medium
Paper Tape
Discrete Data Chanels
OUTPUT
Medium
Paper Tape
Discrete Data Channels
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Type Quantity Remarks
Tubes 0
Diodes 2,736 5294, TND2020
Transistors 883 2N995, 2N2297, 2N1084
Magnetic Cores 2,409 4-79 Molypermalloy
Component type numbers given are the closest commercial equivalent
to the parts used. Burroughs specifications are used for all components.
CHECKING FEATURES
Programmed confidence check is automatic and programmed
diagnostic routines are available.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
Power, computer 0.1 Kw
Volume. computer 0.6 cu ft
Weight, computer 35 lbs
Site preparation requirements
An air-conditioner is not required.
The power requirement varies with the clock rate.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 1
Number in current operation 1
Number in current production 1
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include and extensive use of magnetic
logic to reduce component count, especially semiconductors;
very high calculated reliability; environmentally hardened;
and the power consumption varies with the clock rate which
can be controlled by the programmer.
| BRL 1964, BURROUGHS D825, starting page 0052
|
BURROUGHS D825
MANUFACTURER
Burroughs Corporation
Photo by Burroughs Corporation
APPLICATIONS
The system is a totally modular system featuring functionally
independent computer, memory, and input-output
control modules which are interconnected to form a flexible
system capable of both multi-and-parallel processing.
Each type of module can be utilized in various quantities
of one, two, four, etc. up to sixteen depending on the
particular type.
System is designed for use in scientific
and cormercial data processing, and real time
applications as exemplified by large scale, command and control
problems, communications store/forward and switching.
PROGRAMMING AND NUMERICAL SYSTEM
Internal number system Binary
Binary digits/word 49
Binary digits/instruction 49
Instructions/word Variable, 1 to 4
Instructions decoded 64 (max)
Arithmetic system Fixed and floating point
Instruction type Variable
One, two or three address.
Number range
Fixed - 248 N + 248
Floating - 22047 N + 22047
Instruction word format
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| 1 | 2 13 | 14 25 | 26 37 | 38 49 |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| Parity | Add or | Add or | Add or | Add or |
| | Oper | Oper | Oper | Oper |
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
Format varies with types of instruction.
Automatic coding
Symbolic Assembler
Jovial
ALGOL Compilers
Registers and B-Boxes
There are three arithmetic registers (49-bits) and
five control registers (12-bit length). In addition,
there is a thin-film storage unit which contains a
four-word operand stack (48-bits), 15 index registers,
15 comparison limit registers, and 21 miscellaneous
registers from 12 to 64 bits in length to perform
various other control and storage functions.
| BRL 1964, BURROUGHS D825, starting page 0053
|
ARITHMETIC UNIT
Fixed Point Floating Point
Incl Stor Access Incl. Stor. Access
Microsec/Module Microsec/Module
Add 2.33 6.0
Mult 50.00 40.0
Div 95.00 70.0
Construction (Arithmetic unit only)
Vacuum-Tubes 0
Transistors 5,000
Diodes 29,000
Resistors 17,000
Condensers 5,000
Four thin-film substrates are used.
Arithmetic mode Parallel
Timing Synchronous
Operation Concurrent
STORAGE
No. of No. of Bin. Access
Medium Words Digits/Word Microsec
Magnetic Core 65,536 49 4.33
Magnetic Tape
2,000,000 characters/reel.
Magnetic Drum 65,536 49 17,000
Magnetic Tape
No. of units that can be connected 32 Units
No. of chars/linear inch 555.5 Chars/inch
Channels or tracks on the tape 7 Track/tape
Blank tape separating each record 0.75 Inches
Tape speed 120 Inches/sec
Transfer rate 66,000 Chars/sec
Start time 5 Millisec
Stop time 5 Millisec
Average time for experienced
operator to change reel of tape 30 to 60 Seconds
Physical properties of tape
Width 0.5 Inches
Length of reel 2,400 Feet
Composition Mylar
INPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Cards 800 cards/min (On-Line)
Paper Tape 1,000 chars/min (On-Line)
OUTPUT
Medium Speed Remarks
Cards 300 cards/min (On-Line)
Paper Tape 100 chars/min (On-Line)
Line Printer 1,200 lines/min (On-Line)
Magnetic Tape
The Input/Output exchange can handle a variety of
peripheral devices, up to 64 in number. The maximum rate at
which any one I/0 module can accept information from
any one terminal device is 500,000 chars second.
The number of input/output operations which can be
handled concurrently and on-line in this modular system is
limited only by the number of I/0 control modules, up
to a maximum of ten, and the number of data transfer
busses available.
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS OF ENTIRE SYSTEM
Quantity
Memory In/Out Control Computer
Tubes 0 0 0
Diodes 15,300 11,800 29,300
Transistors 2,500 2,300 4,810
Magnetic Cores 200,000 0 0
Resistors 7,300 7,800 17,000
The above numbers are on a per/module basis. There
are two memory modules per physical cabinet and two I/0
control modules per cabinet.
CHECKING FEATURES
Fixed checking features include accumulator overflow,
horizontal and vertical check of magnetic tape, and parity
on memory transfers.
POWER, SPACE, WEIGHT, AND SITE PREPARATION
MODULE KVA VOLUME AREA WEIGHT LOADING
Computer 2.5 65'3" 6.5 sq ft 1,500 231/sq ft
Memory* 2.6 65'3" 6.5 sq ft 1,450 223/sq ft
Input/0utput* 2.4 65'3" 6.5 sq ft 1,600 247/sq ft
*This includes two functional modules. All figures are on a cabinet basis.
Size of room required is dependent upon number of cabinets
employed in the central system as well as number of
peripheral devices. No air conditioning is required for central processor.
PRODUCTION RECORD
Number produced to date 5
Number in current operation 4
Number in current production 32
Number on order 35
Anticipated production rates l/month
RELIABILITY. OPERATING EXPERIENCE
It is a modular, expansible system co-oriented by a
master control program which schedules its own workload
and automatically diagnoses and bypasses its own failures.
It handles real-time interrupts and features automatic
program restart after primary power failure.
It is designed to MIL-specifications. This machine passed
rigorous military acceptance test at Naval Research
Laboratories with better than 95% up-time during a 30 day
period at 24 hours/day.
ADDITIONAL FEATURES AND REMARKS
Outstanding features include truly modular hardware with
parallel processing throughout; expandable without re-
programming; fast compiling speeds; a power failure system
with automatic restart feature; each module has the
same individual power supply, completely interchangeable;
and each power supply has a self over/under voltage indication.
A central processor may consist of from 1 to 4 computer
modules, 1 to 16 memory modules (4,096 words each
and 1 to 10 input/output control modules.
FUTURE PLANS
The complement of compiling languages is to be expanded.
INSTALLATIONS
U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,D.C.
Mitre Corporation, Bedford, Mass.
Systems Development Corp., Santa Monica, Calif.
Burroughs Corporation, Paoli, Pa.
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